1、微信公众号 世纪高教在线绝密启用前2014 年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语（一）（科目代码：201）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生编号和考生姓名；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号,并涂写考生编号信息点。2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。不按规定粘贴条形码而影响评卷结果的，责任由考生自负。3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔书写，字迹工整、
2、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用 2B 铅笔填涂。5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.1.（共 14 页）Section IUse of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark A,B,C or D
3、 on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)As many people hit middle age,they often start to notice that their memoryand mental clarity are not what they used to be.We suddenly cant remember1we put the keys just a moment ago,or an old acquaintances name,or thename of an old band we used to love.As the brain2,w
4、e refer to theseoccurrences as“senior moments.”3seemingly innocent,this loss of mentalfocus can potentially have a(n)4impact on our professional,social,andpersonal5.Neuroscientists,experts who study the nervous system,are increasinglyshowing that theres actually a lot that can be done.It6out that th
5、e brainneeds exercise in much the same way our muscles do,and the right mental7can significantly improve our basic cognitive8.Thinking isessentially a9of making connections in the brain.To a certain extent,ourability to10in making the connections that drive intelligence is inherited.11,because these
6、 connections are made through effort and practice,scientists believe that intelligence can expand and fluctuate12mentaleffort.Now,a new Web-based company has taken it a step13anddeveloped the first“brain training program”designed to actually help peopleimprove and regain their mental14.The Web-based
7、 program15you to systematically improve yourmemory and attention skills.The program keeps16of your progress andprovides detailed feedback17your performance and improvement.Mostimportantly,it18modifies and enhances the games you play to19onthe strengths you are developing much like a(n)20exercise rou
8、tinerequires you to increase resistance and vary your muscle use.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.2.（共 14 页）1.A thatB whenC whyD where2.A fadesB improvesC collapsesD recovers3.A UnlessB WhileC OnceD If4.A damagingB limitedC unevenD
9、 obscure5.A relationshipB environment C wellbeingD outlook6.A figuresB findsC pointsD turns7.A responsesB associationsC workoutsD roundabouts8.A genreB criterionC circumstancesD functions9.A channelB processC conditionD sequence10.A persistB featureC excelD believe11.A HoweverB MoreoverC OtherwiseD
10、Therefore12.A according toB regardless of C apart fromD instead of13.A backB furtherC asideD around14.A frameworkB stabilityC flexibilityD sharpness15.A hurriesB remindsC allowsD forces16.A orderB trackC paceD hold17.A onB toC forD with18.A habituallyB constantlyC irregularlyD unusually19.A carryB p
11、utC buildD take20.A idleB riskyC familiarD effectiveSection Reading ComprehensionPartADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosingA,B,C or D.Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET.(40 points)本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即
12、可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.3.（共 14 页）Text 1In order to“change lives for the better”and reduce“dependency”,GeorgeOsborne,Chancellor of the Exchequer,introduced the“upfront work search”scheme.Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV,register for onlinejob search,and start looking
13、 for work will they be eligible for benefit and thentheyshouldreportweeklyratherthanfortnightly.Whatcouldbemorereasonable?More apparent reasonableness followed.There will now be a seven-day waitfor the jobseekers allowance.“Those first few days should be spent looking forwork,not looking to sign on,
14、”he claimed.“Were doing these things because weknow they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into workfaster.”Help?Really?On first hearing,this was the socially concerned chancellor,trying to change lives for the better,complete with“reforms”to an obviouslyindulgent system t
15、hat demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to findwork,and subsidises laziness.What motivated him,we were to understand,washis zeal for“fundamental fairness”protecting the taxpayer,controlling spendingand ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits.Losing a j
16、ob is hurting:you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song inyour heart,delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the generousstate.It is financially terrifying,psychologically embarrassing and you know thatsupport is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get.You are now not wanted;you
17、are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure inyour life.Worse,the crucial income to feed yourself and your family and pay thebills has disappeared.Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and theanswer is always:a job.But in Osborneland,your first instinct is to fa
18、ll into dependencypermanentdependency if you can get it supported by a state only too ready to indulge yourfalsehood.It is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search andbenefit administration system never happened.The principle of British welfare isno longer that you can insure you
19、rself against the risk of unemployment andreceive unconditional payments if the disaster happens.Even the very phrase“jobseekers allowance”is about redefining the unemployed as a“jobseeker”whohad no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through makingnational insurance contributions.In
20、stead,the claimant receives a time-limited“allowance,”conditional on actively seeking a job;no entitlement and noinsurance,at 71.70 a week,one of the least generous in the EU.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.4.（共 14 页）21.George Osb
21、ornes scheme was intended toA encourage jobseekersactive engagement in job seeking.B provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.C guarantee jobseekerslegitimate right to benefits.D motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.22.The phrase“to sign on”(Line 3,Para.2)most probably meansA t
22、o check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.B to accept the governments restrictions on the allowance.C to register for an allowance from the government.D to attend a governmental job-training program.23.What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?AAdesire to secure a better life for
23、 all.BAn eagerness to protect the unemployed.CAn urge to be generous to the claimants.DApassion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.24.According to Paragraph 3,being unemployed makes one feelA uneasy.B insulted.C enraged.D guilty.25.To which of the following would the author most probably agree?A Unemp
24、loyment benefits should not be made conditional.B The British welfare system indulges jobseekerslaziness.C The jobseekersallowance has met their actual needs.D Osbornes reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众
25、号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.5.（共 14 页）Text 2All around the world,lawyers generate more hostility than the members ofany other profession with the possible exception of journalism.But there arefew places where clients have more grounds for complaint than America.During the decade before the economic crisis,spend
26、ing on legal services inAmerica grew twice as fast as inflation.The best lawyers made skyscrapers-full ofmoney,tempting ever more students to pile into law schools.But most lawgraduates never get a big-firm job.Many of them instead become the kind ofnuisance-lawsuit filer that makes the tort system
27、a costly nightmare.There are many reasons for this.One is the excessive costs of a legaleducation.There is just one path for a lawyer in most American states:a four-yearundergraduate degree in some unrelated subject,then a three-year law degree atone of 200 law schools authorized by the American Bar
28、 Association and anexpensive preparation for the bar exam.This leaves todays average law-schoolgraduate with$100,000 of debt on top of undergraduate debts.Law-school debtmeans that they have to work fearsomely hard.Reforming the system would help both lawyers and their customers.Sensibleideas have b
29、een around for a long time,but the state-level bodies that govern theprofession have been too conservative to implement them.One idea is to allowpeople to study law as an undergraduate degree.Another is to let students sit forthe bar after only two years of law school.If the bar exam is truly a ster
30、n enoughtest for a would-be lawyer,those who can sit it earlier should be allowed to do so.Students who do not need the extra training could cut their debt mountain by athird.The other reason why costs are so high is the restrictive guild-like ownershipstructure of the business.Except in the Distric
31、t of Columbia,non-lawyers may notown any share of a law firm.This keeps fees high and innovation slow.There ispressure for change from within the profession,but opponents of change amongthe regulators insist that keeping outsiders out of a law firm isolates lawyers fromthe pressure to make money rat
32、her than serve clients ethically.In fact,allowing non-lawyers to own shares in law firms would reduce costsand improve services to customers,by encouraging law firms to use technologyand to employ professional managers to focus on improving firms efficiency.After all,other countries,such as Australi
33、a and Britain,have started liberalizingtheir legal professions.America should follow.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.6.（共 14 页）26.Alot of students take up law as their profession due toA the growing demand from clients.B the incre
34、asing pressure of inflation.C the prospect of working in big firms.D the attraction of financial rewards.27.Which of the following adds to the costs of legal education in most Americanstates?A Higher tuition fees for undergraduate studies.B Receiving training by professional associations.CAdmissions
35、 approval from the bar association.D Pursuing a bachelors degree in another major.28.Hindrance to the reform of the legal system originates fromA the rigid bodies governing the profession.B lawyersand clientsstrong resistance.C the stern exam for would-be lawyers.D non-professionalssharp criticism.2
36、9.The guild-like ownership structure is considered“restrictive”partly because itA prevents lawyers from gaining due profits.B bans outsidersinvolvement in the profession.C aggravates the ethical situation in the trade.D keeps lawyers from holding law-firm shares.30.In this text,the author mainly dis
37、cussesA the factors that help make a successful lawyer inAmerica.B a problem inAmericas legal profession and solutions to it.C the role of undergraduate studies inAmericas legal education.D flawed ownership ofAmericas law firms and its causes.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键
38、词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.7.（共 14 页）Text 3TheUS$3-millionFundamentalPhysicsPrizeisindeedaninterestingexperiment,as Alexander Polyakov said when he accepted this years award inMarch.And it is far from the only one of its type.As a News Feature article inNature discusses,a string of
39、 lucrative awards for researchers have joined theNobel Prizes in recent years.Many,like the Fundamental Physics Prize,arefunded from the telephone-number-sized bank accounts of Internet entrepreneurs.These benefactors have succeeded in their chosen fields,they say,and they wantto use their wealth to
40、 draw attention to those who have succeeded in science.Whats not to like?Quite a lot,according to a handful of scientists quoted inthe News Feature.You cannot buy class,as the old saying goes,and these upstartentrepreneurs cannot buy their prizes the prestige of the Nobels.The new awardsare an exerc
41、ise in self-promotion for those behind them,say scientists.They coulddistort the achievement-based system of peer-review-led research.They couldcement the status quo of peer-reviewed research.They do not fund peer-reviewedresearch.They perpetuate the myth of the lone genius.The goals of the prize-gi
42、vers seem as scattered as the criticism.Some want toshock,others to draw people into science,or to better reward those who havemade their careers in research.As Nature has pointed out before,there are some legitimate concerns abouthow science prizes both new and old are distributed.The Breakthrough
43、Prizein Life Sciences,launched this year,takes an unrepresentative view of what thelife sciences include.But the Nobel Foundations limit of three recipients perprize,each of whom must still be living,has long been outgrown by thecollaborative nature of modern research as will be demonstrated by thei
44、nevitable row over who is ignored when it comes to acknowledging the discoveryof the Higgs boson.The Nobels were,of course,themselves set up by a very richindividual who had decided what he wanted to do with his own money.Time,rather than intention,has given them legitimacy.As much as some scientist
45、s may complain about the new awards,two thingsseem clear.First,most researchers would accept such a prize if they were offeredone.Second,it is surely a good thing that the money and attention come toscience rather than go elsewhere.It is fair to criticize and question the mechanism that is the cultu
46、re of research,after all but it is the prize-givers money to dowith as they please.It is wise to take such gifts with gratitude and grace.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.8.（共 14 页）31.The Fundamental Physics Prize is seen asA a sym
47、bol of the entrepreneurswealth.B a handsome reward for researchers.C a possible replacement of the Nobel Prizes.D an example of bankersinvestments.32.The critics think that the new awards will most benefitA the profit-oriented scientists.B the achievement-based system.C the founders of the new award
48、s.D peer-review-led research.33.The discovery of the Higgs boson is a typical case which involvesA legitimate concerns over the new prizes.B controversies over the recipientsstatus.C the joint effort of modern researchers.D the demonstration of research findings.34.According to Paragraph 4,which of
49、the following is true of the Nobels?A History has never cast doubt on them.B Their endurance has done justice to them.C They are the most representative honor.D Their legitimacy has long been in dispute.35.The author believes that the new awards areA unworthy of public attention.B subject to undesir
50、able changes.C harmful to the culture of research.D acceptable despite the criticism.本资料由微信公众号 世纪高教在线 整理并免费分享 答案解析请参考-考研英语黄皮书微信公众号-世纪高教在线-回复关键词-黄皮书领课-即可免费学习考研英语各题型解题技巧微信公众号 世纪高教在线英语（一）试题.9.（共 14 页）Text 4“The Heart of the Matter,”the just-released report by the American Academyof Arts and Sciences(AA
