1、 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题 Section I Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.（10 points）The outbreak of swine flu that was first detected in Mexico was declared a global epidemic
2、on June 11,2009.It is the first worldwide epidemic _1_ by the World Health Organization in 41 years.The heightened alert _2_ an emergency meeting with flu experts in Geneva that assembled after a sharp rise in cases in Australia,and rising _3_ in Britain,Japan,Chile and elsewhere.But the epidemic is
3、 _4_ in severity,according to Margaret Chan,the organizations director general,_5_ the overwhelming majority of patients experiencing only mild symptoms and a full recovery,often in the _6_ of any medical treatment.The outbreak came to global _7_ in late April 2009,when Mexican authorities noted an
4、unusually large number of hospitalizations and deaths _8_ healthy adults.As much of Mexico City shut down at the height of a panic,cases began to _9_ in New York City,the southwestern United States and around the world.In the United States,new cases seemed to fade_10_ warmer weather arrived.But in l
5、ate September 2009,officials reported there was _11_ flu activity in almost every state and that virtually all the _12_ tested are the new swine flu,also known as(A)H1N1,not seasonal flu.In the U.S.,it has _13_ more than one million people,and caused more than 600 deaths and more than 6,000 hospital
6、izations.Federal health officials _14_ Tamiflu for children from the national stockpile and began _15_ orders from the states for the new swine flu vaccine.The new vaccine,which is different from the annual flu vaccine,is _16_ ahead of expectations.More than three million doses were to be made avail
7、able in early October,2009,though most of those _17_ doses were of the FluMist nasal spray type,which is not _18_ for pregnant women,people over 50 or those with breathing difficulties,heart disease or several other _19_.But it was still possible to vaccinate people in other high-risk groups:health
8、care workers,people _20_ infants and healthy young people.1.A criticized B appointed Ccommented D designated 2.A proceeded B activated C followed D prompted 3.A digits B numbers C amounts D sums 4.A moderate B normal C unusual D extreme 5.A with B in C from D by 6.A progress Babsence C presence D fa
9、vor 7.A reality B phenomenon C concept D notice 8.A over B for C among D to 9.A stay up B crop up C fill up D cover up 微信关注公众号：槟果考研，所有精品资源免费分享！10.A as B if C unless D until 11.A excessive B enormous C significant D magnificent 12.A categories B examples C patterns D samples 13.A imparted B immersed
10、C injected D infected 14.A released B relayed C relieved D remained 15.A placing B delivering C taking D giving 16.A feasible B available C reliable D applicable 17.A prevalent B principal C innovative D initial 18.A presented B restricted C recommended D introduced 19.A problems B issues C agonies
11、D sufferings 20.A involved in B caring for C concerned with D warding off Section Reading comprehension Part A Directions:Read the following four passages.Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A,B,C and D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text1 The longest bull run in a ce
12、ntury of art-market history ended on a dramatic note with a sale of 56 works by Damien Hirst,Beautiful Inside My Head Forever，at Sothebys in London on September 15th,2008.All but two pieces sold,fetching more than 70m,a record for a sale by a single artist.It was a last victory.As the auctioneer cal
13、led out bids,in New York one of the oldest banks on Wall Street,Lehman Brothers,filed for bankruptcy.The world art market had already been losing momentum for a while after rising bewilderingly since 2003.At its peak in 2007 it was worth some$65 billion,reckons Clare McAndrew,founder of Arts Economi
14、cs,a research firmdouble the figure five years earlier.Since then it may have come down to$50 billion.But the market generates interest far beyond its size because it brings together great wealth,enormous egos,greed,passion and controversy in a way matched by few other industries.In the weeks and mo
15、nths that followed Mr.Hirsts sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable,especially in New York,where the bail-out of the banks coincided with the loss of thousands of jobs and the financial demise of many art-buying investors.In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleri
16、es and salerooms.Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated sector,they were down by nearly 90%in the year to November 2008.Within weeks the worlds two biggest auction houses,Sothebys and Christies,had to pay out nearly$200m in guarantees to clients who had placed works
17、for sale with them.The current downturn in the art market is the worst since the Japanese stopped buying Impressionists at the end of 1989.This time experts reckon that prices are about 40%down on their peak on average,though some have been far more fluctuant.But Edward Dolman,Christies chief execut
18、ive,says:“Im pretty confident were at the bottom.”微信关注公众号：槟果考研，所有精品资源免费分享！What makes this slump different from the last,he says,is that there are still buyers in the market.Almost everyone who was interviewed for this special report said that the biggest problem at the moment is not a lack of demand
19、 but a lack of good work to sell.The three Dsdeath,debt and divorcestill deliver works of art to the market.But anyone who does not have to sell is keeping away,waiting for confidence to return.21.In the first paragraph,Damien Hirsts sale was referred to as“a last victory”because _.A.the art market
20、had witnessed a succession of victories B.the auctioneer finally got the two pieces at the highest bids C.Beautiful Inside My Head Forever won over all masterpieces D.it was successfully made just before the world financial crisis 22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line 1
21、-2,Para.3)，the author suggests that_.A.collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions B.people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries C.art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent D.works of art in general had gone out of fashion so th
22、ey were not worth buying 23.Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.Sales of contemporary art fell dramatically from 2007 to 2008.B.The art market surpassed many other industries in momentum.C.The art market generally went downward in various ways.D.Some art dealers were awaiting better chan
23、ces to come.24.The three Ds mentioned in the last paragraph are _.A.auction houses favorites B.contemporary trends C.factors promoting artwork circulation D.styles representing impressionists 25.The most appropriate title for this text could be _ A.Fluctuation of Art Prices B.Up-to-date Art Auctions
24、 C.Art Market in Decline D.Shifted Interest in Arts Text 2 I was addressing a small gathering in a suburban Virginia living rooma womens group that had invited men to join them.Throughout the evening,one man had been particularly talkative,frequently offering ideas and anecdotes,while his wife sat s
25、ilently beside him on the couch.Toward the end of the evening,I commented that women frequently complain that their husbands dont talk to them.This man quickly nodded in agreement.He gestured toward his wife and said,Shes the talker in our family.The room burst into laughter;the man looked puzzled a
26、nd hurt.Its true,he explained.When I come home from work I have nothing to say.If she didnt keep the conversation going,wed spend the whole evening in silence.This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home
27、.And this pattern is wreaking havoc with 微信关注公众号：槟果考研，所有精品资源免费分享！marriage.The pattern was observed by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late 1970s.Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewedbut only a few of the mengave lac
28、k of communication as the reason for their divorces.Given the current divorce rate of nearly 50 percent，that amounts to millions of cases in the United States every year a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.In my own research complaints from women about their husbands most often focused not on
29、tangible inequities such as having given up the chance for a career to accompany a husband to his,or doing far more than their share of daily life-support work like cleaning,cooking and social arrangements.Instead,they focused on communication:He doesnt listen to me.He doesnt talk to me.I found,as H
30、acker observed years before,that most wives want their husbands to be,first and foremost,conversational partners,but few husbands share this expectation of their wives.In short,the image that best represents the current crisis is the stereotypical cartoon scene of a man sitting at the breakfast tabl
31、e with a newspaper held up in front of his face,while a woman glares at the back of it,wanting to talk.26.What is most wives main expectation of their husbands?A.Talking to them.B.Trusting them.C.Supporting their careers.D.Sharing housework.27.Judging from the context,the phrase“wreaking havoc”(Line
32、 3,Para.2)most probably means _.A.generating motivation B.exerting influence C.causing damage D.creating pressure 28.All of the following are true EXCEPT_.A.men tend to talk more in public than women B.nearly 50 percent of recent divorces are caused by failed conversation C.women attach much importa
33、nce to communication between couples D.a female tends to be more talkative at home than her spouse 29.Which of the following can best summarize the main idea of this text?A.The moral decaying deserves more research by sociologists.B.Marriage break-up stems from sex inequalities.C.Husband and wife ha
34、ve different expectations from their marriage.D.Conversational patterns between man and wife are different.30.In the following part immediately after this text,the author will most probably focus on _ A.a vivid account of the new book Divorce Talk B.a detailed description of the stereotypical cartoo
35、n C.other possible reasons for a high divorce rate in the U.S.D.a brief introduction to the political scientist Andrew Hacker 微信关注公众号：槟果考研，所有精品资源免费分享！Text3 Over the past decade,many companies had perfected the art of creating automatic behaviorhabits among consumers.These habits have helped companie
36、s earn billions of dollars when customers eat snacks or wipe counters almost without thinking,often in response to a carefully designed set of daily cues.“There are fundamental public health problems,like dirty hands instead of a soap habit,that remain killers only because we cant figure out how to
37、change peoples habits,”Dr.Curtis said,the director of the Hygiene Center at the London School of Hygiene&Tropical Medicine.“We wanted to learn from private industry how to create new behaviors that happens automatically.”The companies that Dr.Curtis turned to Procter&Gamble,Colgate-Palmolive and Uni
38、lever had invested hundreds of millions of dollars finding the subtle cues in consumers lives that corporations could use to introduce new routines.If you look hard enough,youll find that many of the products we use every day chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water pur
39、ifiers,health snacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teeth whiteners,fabric softeners,vitaminsare results of manufactured habits.A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.Today,because of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their p
40、early whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.A few decades ago,many people didnt drink water outside of a meal.Then beverage companies started bottling the production of far-off springs,and now office workers unthinkingly sip bottled water al
41、l day long.Chewing gum,once bought primarily by adolescent boys,is now featured in commercials as a breath freshener and teeth cleanser for use after a meal.Skin moisturizers are advertised as part of morning beauty rituals,slipped in between hair brushing and putting on makeup.“Our products succeed
42、 when they become part of daily or weekly patterns,”said Carol Berning,a consumer psychologist who recently retired from Procter&Gamble,the company that sold$76 billion of Tide,Crest and other products last year.“Creating positive habits is a huge part of improving our consumers lives,and its essent
43、ial to make new products commercially viable.”Through experiments and observation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the t
44、actics have been used to sell questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.31.According to Dr.Curtis,habits like hand washing with soap_.A should be further cultivated B should be changed gradually C are deeply rooted in history D are basically private concerns 32.Bottled water,chewing gum and skin
45、 moisturizers are mentioned in Paragraph 5 so as to_.A reveal their impact on peoples habits B show the urgent need of daily necessities Cindicate their effect on peoples buying power Dmanifest the significant role of good habits 33.Which of the following does NOT belong to products that help create
46、 peoples habits?A Tide B Crest C Colgate D Unilever 微信关注公众号：槟果考研，所有精品资源免费分享！34.From the text we know that some of consumers habits are developed due to _.A perfected art of products B automatic behavior creation C commercial promotions D scientific experiments 35.The authors attitude toward the infl
47、uence of advertisement on peoples habits is_.Aindifferent Bnegative Cpositive Dbiased Text4 Many Americans regard the jury system as a concrete expression of crucial democratic values,including the principles that all citizens who meet minimal qualifications of age and literacy are equally competent
48、 to serve on juries;that jurors should be selected randomly from a representative cross section of the community;that no citizen should be denied the right to serve on a jury on account of race,religion,sex,or national origin;that defendants are entitled to trial by their peers;and that verdicts sho
49、uld represent the conscience of the community and not just the letter of the law.The jury is also said to be the best surviving example of direct rather than representative democracy.In a direct democracy,citizens take turns governing themselves,rather than electing representatives to govern for the
50、m.But as recently as in 1986,jury selection procedures conflicted with these democratic ideals.In some states,for example,jury duty was limited to persons of supposedly superior intelligence,education,and moral character.Although the Supreme Court of the United States had prohibited intentional raci
