1、 Born to win2003年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section IIUse of EnglishTeachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious to how they can best such changes. Growing bodies need movement and , but not just in ways that em
2、phasize competition. they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are by others. However, the typical teenage lifesty
3、le is already filled with so much competition that it would be to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, , publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews, student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide opportunities fo
4、r leadership, as well as for practice in successful dynamics. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the of some kind of organization with a supportive adult visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that the young teens have a
5、ttention spans. A variety of activities should be organized participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants . This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. , they can help students acquire a s
6、ense of commitment by for roles that are within their and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.21.A thoughtB idea C opinion（A）D advice22.A strengthenB accommodate C stimulate（B）D enhance23.A careB nutrition C exercise（C）D leisure24.A IfB Although C Whereas（D）D Because25.A assista
7、nceB guidance C confidence（C）D tolerance26.A claimedB admired C ignored（B）D surpassed27.A improperB risky C fair （D）D wise28.A in effectB as a result C for example（C）D in a sense29.A displayingB describing C creating（A）D exchanging30.A durableB excessive C surplus（D）D multiple31.A groupB individual
8、C personnel（A）D corporation32.A consentB insurance C admission（D）D security33.A particularlyB barely C definitely（B）D rarely34.A similarB long C different（D）D short35.A if onlyB now that C so that（C）D even if36.A everythingB anything C nothing（D）D something37.A offB down C out（B）D alone38.A On the c
9、ontraryB On the averageC On the whole（A）D On the other hand39.A makingB standing C planning（C）D taking40.A capabilitiesB responsibilities C proficiency（A）D efficiencySection IIIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B,
10、 C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1 (40 points)Text 1Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whateve
11、r tools came to hand in the “great game” of espionage - spying as a “profession.” These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovans vocation as well.The latest revolution isnt simply a matter of gentlemen reading other gentle
12、mens e-mail. That kind of electronic spying has been going on for decades. In the past three or four years, the World Wide Web has given birth to a whole industry of point-and-click spying. The spooks call it “open-source intelligence,” and as the Net grows, it is becoming increasingly influential.
13、In 1995 the CIA held a contest to see who could compile the most data about Burundi. The winner, by a large margin, was a tiny Virginia company called Open Source Solutions, whose clear advantage was its mastery of the electronic world.Among the firms making the biggest splash in this new world is S
14、traitford, Inc., a private intelligence-analysis firm based in Austin, Texas. Straitford makes money by selling the results of spying (covering nations from Chile to Russia) to corporations like energy-services firm McDermott International. Many of its predictions are available online at .Straitford
15、 president George Friedman says he sees the online world as a kind of mutually reinforcing tool for both information collection and distribution, a spymasters dream. Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world and predicting a crisis in Ukraine. “As soon as t
16、hat report runs, well suddenly get 500 new Internet sign-ups from Ukraine,” says Friedman, a former political science professor. “And well hear back from some of them.” Open-source spying does have its risks, of course, since it can be difficult to tell good information from bad. Thats where Straitf
17、ord earns its keep.Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin. Several of his staff members have military-intelligence backgrounds. He sees the firms outsider status as the key to its success. Straitfords briefs dont sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dram
18、atic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.41.The emergence of the Net has _.A received support from fans like DonovanB remolded the intelligence servicesC restored many common pastimes（B）D revived spying as a profession42.Don
19、ovans story is mentioned in the text to _.A introduce the topic of online spyingB show how he fought for the U.S.C give an episode of the information war（A）D honor his unique services to the CIA43.The phrase “making the biggest splash” (Line 1, Paragraph 3) most probably means _.A causing the bigges
20、t troubleB exerting the greatest effortC achieving the greatest success（C）D enjoying the widest popularity44.It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that _.A Straitfords prediction about Ukraine has proved trueB Straitford guarantees the truthfulness of its informationC Straitfords business is characteri
21、zed by unpredictability（D）D Straitford is able to provide fairly reliable information45.Straitford is most proud of its _.A official statusB nonconformist imageC efficient staff（B）D military backgroundText 2To paraphrase 18th-century statesman Edmund Burke, “all that is needed for the triumph of a m
22、isguided cause is that good people do nothing.” One such cause now seeks to end biomedical research because of the theory that animals have rights ruling out their use in research. Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates, whose arguments are confusing the public and thereby
23、threatening advances in health knowledge and care. Leaders of the animal rights movement target biomedical research because it depends on public funding, and few people understand the process of health care research. Hearing allegations of cruelty to animals in research settings, many are perplexed
24、that anyone would deliberately harm an animal.For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in animalsno meat, no fur, no medicines. Asked if she opposed
25、immunizations, she wanted to know if vaccines come from animal research. When assured that they do, she replied, “Then I would have to say yes.” Asked what will happen when epidemics return, she said, “Dont worry, scientists will find some way of using computers.” Such well-meaning people just dont
26、understand.Scientists must communicate their message to the public in a compassionate, understandable way - in human terms, not in the language of molecular biology. We need to make clear the connection between animal research and a grandmothers hip replacement, a fathers bypass operation, a babys v
27、accinations, and even a pets shots. To those who are unaware that animal research was needed to produce these treatments, as well as new treatments and vaccines, animal research seems wasteful at best and cruel at worst.Much can be done. Scientists could “adopt” middle school classes and present the
28、ir own research. They should be quick to respond to letters to the editor, lest animal rights misinformation go unchallenged and acquire a deceptive appearance of truth. Research institutions could be opened to tours, to show that laboratory animals receive humane care. Finally, because the ultimate
29、 stakeholders are patients, the health research community should actively recruit to its cause not only well-known personalities such as Stephen Cooper, who has made courageous statements about the value of animal research, but all who receive medical treatment. If good people do nothing, there is a
30、 real possibility that an uninformed citizenry will extinguish the precious embers of medical progress.46.The author begins his article with Edmund Burkes words to _.A call on scientists to take some actionsB criticize the misguided cause of animal rightsC warn of the doom of biomedical research（A）D
31、 show the triumph of the animal rights movement47.Misled people tend to think that using an animal in research is _.A cruel but naturalB inhuman and unacceptableC inevitable but vicious（B）D pointless and wasteful48.The example of the grandmotherly woman is used to show the publics _.A discontent wit
32、h animal researchB ignorance about medical scienceC indifference to epidemics（B）D anxiety about animal rights49.The author believes that, in face of the challenge from animal rights advocates, scientists should _.A communicate more with the publicB employ hi-tech means in researchC feel no shame for
33、 their cause（A）D strive to develop new cures50.From the text we learn that Stephen Cooper is _.A a well-known humanistB a medical practitionerC an enthusiast in animal rights（D）D a supporter of animal researchText 3In recent years, railroads have been combining with each other, merging into supersys
34、tems, causing heightened concerns about monopoly. As recently as 1995, the top four railroads accounted for under 70 percent of the total ton-miles moved by rails. Next year, after a series of mergers is completed, just four railroads will control well over 90 percent of all the freight moved by maj
35、or rail carriers.Supporters of the new supersystems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial cost reductions and better coordinated service. Any threat of monopoly, they argue, is removed by fierce competition from trucks. But many shippers complain that for heavy bulk commodities traveli
36、ng long distances, such as coal, chemicals, and grain, trucking is too costly and the railroads therefore have them by the throat.The vast consolidation within the rail industry means that most shippers are served by only one rail company. Railroads typically charge such “captive” shippers 20 to 30
37、percent more than they do when another railroad is competing for the business. Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal governments Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time-consuming, and will work only in truly extr
38、eme cases.Railroads justify rate discrimination against captive shippers on the grounds that in the long run it reduces everyones cost. If railroads charged all customers the same average rate, they argue, shippers who have the option of switching to trucks or other forms of transportation would do
39、so, leaving remaining customers to shoulder the cost of keeping up the line. Its a theory to which many economists subscribe, but in practice it often leaves railroads in the position of determining which companies will flourish and which will fail. “Do we really want railroads to be the arbiters of
40、 who wins and who loses in the marketplace?” asks Martin Bercovici, a Washington lawyer who frequently represents shippers.Many captive shippers also worry they will soon be hit with a round of huge rate increases. The railroad industry as a whole, despite its brightening fortunes, still does not ea
41、rn enough to cover the cost of the capital it must invest to keep up with its surging traffic. Yet railroads continue to borrow billions to acquire one another, with Wall Street cheering them on. Consider the $10.2 billion bid by Norfolk Southern and CSX to acquire Conrail this year. Conrails net ra
42、ilway operating income in 1996 was just $427 million, less than half of the carrying costs of the transaction. Whos going to pay for the rest of the bill? Many captive shippers fear that they will, as Norfolk Southern and CSX increase their grip on the market.51.According to those who support merger
43、s, railway monopoly is unlikely because _.A cost reduction is based on competitionB services call for cross-trade coordinationC outside competitors will continue to exist（C）D shippers will have the railway by the throat52.What is many captive shippers attitude towards the consolidation in the rail i
44、ndustry?A Indifferent.B Supportive.C Indignant.（D）D Apprehensive.53.It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.A shippers will be charged less without a rival railroadB there will soon be only one railroad company nationwideC overcharged shippers are unlikely to appeal for rate relief（C）D a governme
45、nt board ensures fair play in railway business54.The word “arbiters” (Line 7, Paragraph 4) most probably refers to those _.A who work as coordinatorsB who function as judgesC who supervise transactions（B）D who determine the price55.According to the text, the cost increase in the rail industry is mai
46、nly caused by _.A the continuing acquisitionB the growing trafficC the cheering Wall Street（A）D the shrinking marketText 4It is said that in England death is pressing, in Canada inevitable and in California optional. Small wonder. Americans life expectancy has nearly doubled over the past century. F
47、ailing hips can be replaced, clinical depression controlled, cataracts removed in a 30-minute surgical procedure. Such advances offer the aging population a quality of life that was unimaginable when I entered medicine 50 years ago. But not even a great health-care system can cure death - and our failure to confro
