1、咨询电话：010-68403280地址：北京海淀区西三环北路 21 号网址：中国人民大学中国人民大学 2008200820082008 年基础英语年基础英语 SentenceSentenceSentenceSentence CompletionCompletionCompletionCompletion（20202020 pointspointspointspoints）Directions:Write in the blank the letter of the item which best complete each sentence.1.On this new land,these i
2、mmigrants had to find ways to _ their varied backgrounds and fit togetherunder a constitution and a set of laws.A.reconcileB.undertakeC.mobilizeD.consent2.Dixon _ the question.Then there occurred to him a way by which he could retain his ownopinion and yet be in apparent accord with the rest of the
3、group.A.resumedB.ponderedC.gaspedD.scoffed3.Issues between Canada and the United States are dealt with under the Canada-United States PacificSalmon Treaty，signed in 1985,but the two nations have not always agreed on how the treaty shouldbe _.A.implementedB.rehearsedC.portrayedD.nurtured4.This discov
4、ery would help clarify some problems that still _ scientists,ranging from the physicsof the sun to the evolution of the universe as it expanded after the Big Bang.A.indulgeB.baffleC.abhorD.clench5.In a word,university education _ both general education and professional specialization.A.instructsB.di
5、vergesC.denouncesD.fosters6.Even though Washington has _ hydropower generation,it still doesnt supply all of the statesneeds.A.tremendousB.tremulousC.transparentD.triumphant7.Nowadays,the amount of violence in films and on television seems to be climbing at an _ rate.A.atrociousB.incredulousC.unprec
6、edentedD.irresolute8.The _ loss of life in the CivilWar,and the widespread destruction of work animals farmbuildings,and machinery,ensured that the Souths economic revival would be slow and painful.A.intermittentB.exhilaratingC.noncommittalD.appalling9.One of the difficulties the college students en
7、counter on their first day at college is how they can_ information from the school library.A.assessB.retrieveC.extractD.commence10.It is in this environment that Charlemagne first began to address the social issues that characterize hislater career.He started to write songs that expressed a deep _ f
8、or the poverty he witnessed.A.stuporB.obsessionC.anguishD.leash11.The most significant poet in the group was Allen Ginsberg,whose sexually explicit poem Howl(1956)became the subject of a court battle after it was initially banned as _.A.affableB.obsceneC.precariousD.desolate12.In general,British peo
9、ple belong to one of the more _ states of Europe and enjoy a high standardof living compared to the rest of the world.A.affluentB.delicateC.arrogantD.desolate咨询电话：010-68403280地址：北京海淀区西三环北路 21 号网址：13.The highland zone contains what is often called rough country,consisting to a large extent of_hills,m
10、ountains,and eroded areas frequently broken by a valleys and plains.A.wrinkledB.ruggedD.crippledD.battered14.Early advocates of business computers predicted the paperless office an office where paper would bemade.A.neutralB.disdainfulC.obsoleteD.poignant15.The administration faces a _ between popula
11、r and congressional pressures to cut the defensebudge and pressure to increase that budget markedly to match the Soviet buildup.A.diffusionB.reverenceC.paradoxD.dilemma16.The _ on May 17 of four white former policemen charged with beating to death a black Miamibusinessman,Arthur McDuffie,sparked the
12、 worst U.S.racial rioting in more than a decade.A.pronenessB.acquittalC.treasonD.verdict17.The most important committee is the _ Committee of the Privy Council which is the highestcourt of appeal for certain nations in the Commonwealth,some church related appeals,and fordisciplinary committees of so
13、me professions.A.JudicialB.CourtlyC.StatelyD.Courteous18.Fear of AIDS and ignorance of its causes resulted in some _ theories:some of them thought thedisease was Gods punishment for behaviors that they considered immoral.A.inquisitiveB.prominentC.inarticulateD.outlandish19.The year 1953 was marked i
14、n France by economic _,political indecision,and serious unrest.A.boomB.endeavorC.stagnationD.conspiracy20.George has a brilliant mind,an ability to _ a situation quickly and react to it,and react to it,andalso the ability to retain the complicated details of his job.A.size upB.patch upC.work upD.bea
15、r upII.II.II.II.ClozeClozeClozeCloze(20(20(20(20Points)Points)Points)Points)Directions:Read the following passage.For each numbered blank choose one best answer from thefour suggested choices.Acareer in sociology may not win you a Nobel Prize.Yetthere are career payoffs for studyingsociology.Sociolo
16、gy is a popular 1 and minor for students planning futures in such 2 as law,politics,social work,public health,urban planning,community relations,and public 3 not to mention medicineand divinity school.Youwill likewise find that numerous courses in criminal 4 management,marketing,business organizatio
17、n,labor relations,communication,journalism,recreation,and nursing draw 5 theprinciples,research techniques,and findings of sociology.Employers frequently lookfor6employeeswith the specific skills that are acquired in sociology courses 7 survey and research methods,statistics,population research,and
18、urban studies.Students with a number of these latter courses may 8 findthemselves 9 a competitive advantage with other liberal arts students who have majored in history,psychology,English,philosophy,and political science.Besides the specific knowledge 10 in sociology course,sociology majors have opp
19、ortunities to 11咨询电话：010-68403280地址：北京海淀区西三环北路 21 号网址：interpersonal,analytical,problem-solving,and communication skills that are essential for success intodays competitive 12 market.According to theWall Street Journal,after years of 13 job applicants withtechnical degrees,big employers are looking f
20、or social science and liberal arts graduates 14 growing zeal.Employers find that these students can take a variety of problems and apply creative analysis to them.U.S.News&World Reportobserves:Employers are looking for talented graduates who arewell-rounded-and can think 15 a specialty.In order to b
21、e hired specifically as a sociologist,it is often necessary to have a masters degree-anM.A.or an M.S.-or a doctorate(Ph.D.).The masters degree can be an end in its own 16 or a steptoward the Ph.D.It typically requires from one to three years,depending on whether or not the particulardepartment requi
22、res a 17 and the speed with which students work.The Ph.D.usually takes four to sixyears beyond the B.A.or B.S.and 18 the completion of a dissertation that reveals 19 research andscholarship.In most situations,a Ph.D.is required for teaching and research at the college and universitylevel and for hig
23、her level employment with good promotion 20 in private industry or government.1.A.subjectB.majorC.disciplineD.course2.A.professionB.positionC.fieldsD.trades3.A.managementB.operationC.manipulationD.administration4.A.justificationB.fairnessC.rationalityD.justice5.A.offB.outC.uponD.up6.A.potentialB.fea
24、sibleC.potentD.applicable7.A.dealing withB.keeping up withC.coping withD.adding up to8.A.muchB.wellC.quiteD.rather9.A.withB.inC.atD.on10.A.attainedB.gainedC.detainedD.retained11.A.growB.formulateC.exploreD.develop12.A.jobB.workC.employmentD.engagement13.A.searchingB.favoringC.seekingD.advocating14.A
25、.forB.inC.withD.at15.A.out ofB.overC.aboveD.beyond16.A.rightB.valueC.worthD.purpose17.A.thesisB.hypothesisC.assumptionD.conclusion18.A.curtailsB.entailsC.precedesD.signifies19.A.primaryB.coarseC.primitiveD.original20.A.expectationsB.anticipationsC.prospectsD.precepts.Reading.Reading ComprehensionCom
26、prehension(40(40 points)points)Directions:Read the following passages carefully.For Passage One,answer the questions/by making achoice from the four suggested answers;for Passage Two,answer the questions in no less than 60 wordsfor each question.PassagePassagePassagePassage OneOneOneOneEconomics is
27、not a gay science;wrote Thomas Carlyle in 1849.No,it is a dreary,desolate,and咨询电话：010-68403280地址：北京海淀区西三环北路 21 号网址：indeed quite abject and distressing one;what we might call,by way of eminence,the dismal science.Carlyle was a fine one to talk.He was a brooding curmudgeon who thundered against indust
28、ry,progressand the young science that sought to explain them.He found economists dismal not for the obviousreasons,such as their dry arithmetic or their gloomy preoccupation with scarcity and subsistence.Instead,he took against them because they were so wedded to the idea of happiness.The economists
29、 of his day took their cue from Jeremy Bentham and his utilitarian”philosophy.Theycalculated happiness,or utility,as the sum of good feelings minus bad,and argued that the pursuit ofpleasure and the avoidance of pain were the sole springs of human action.One even looked forward to theinvention of a
30、hedonimeter,a psychophysical machine that would record the ups and downs of a mansfeelings just as a thermometer might plot his temperature.Such people,Carlyle complained,fancied thatman was a dead Iron-Balance for weighing Pains and Pleasures on.The hedonimeter was never invented,and for a century
31、or so economists fell silent about bothweights on mans scales.They studied outward behavior,not inward feelings;choices made,notpleasures taken.But in recent years,economists have become newly confident that they can measureutility as Bentham conceived it:as a quantum of pleasure or pain.How do they
32、 do it?Mostly they just ask people.Daniel Kahneman,a psychologist at PrincetonUniversity who won the Nobel Prize for economics in 2002,reckons people are not as mysterious as lessnosy economists supposed.The view that hedonic states cannot be measured because they are privateevents is widely held bu
33、t incorrect,he and his colleagues argue.Generally,people can say how theyfeel at a given moment,on a scale of zero to ten.And if this smacks of hearsay not science,the new hedonimetrists can appeal to other kinds ofevidence,better calculated to impress.They can look into peoples eyes;or better still
34、,their brains.People who confess to feeling happy also grin more than others.And they mean it:they smile with theireyes(a contraction of the orbicularis oculi facial muscles),not just their mouths.Peoples self-reports alsotally roughly with what electrodes planted on their scalp reveal about the fre
35、quency and voltage ofelectrical waves in their left forebrain,which sparks up when they are feeling good.Mr.Kahnemans most notorious experiment took place in a Toronto hospital over a decade ago.Heand a colleague asked patients undergoing a colonoscopy(in which a probe is passed up the rectum)torepo
36、rt their level of discomfort minute by minute.Later,they were asked how they felt about theprocedure in retrospect.Their answers were surprising.The test left a worse impression on patient A,forwhom it lasted less than ten minutes,than on patient B,who suffered for 24 minutes.Patientsrecollections w
37、ere heavily colored by the procedures worst moment and its last moment.The duration ofthe pain did not seem to make much difference.Patients were happier about a colonoscopy that lastedlonger but ended better.Mr.Kahneman,who is not shy of extrapolation,thinks people often choose to repeat experience
38、 thatseem better in retrospect than they did at the time.Contrary to Bentham,the“sovereign masters thatdetermine what people will do are not pleasure and pain,but fallible memories of pleasure and pain.”1.When Carlyle said that economics was a“dismal science”,he meant that_.A.economicswasascienceful
39、lofdrynumbersandcalculationsB.economicsdid nothingtosolve pressingeconomicproblemsC.economicshadgoneastraybyusingpleasureasameasurement咨询电话：010-68403280地址：北京海淀区西三环北路 21 号网址：D.economists seldom concernedthemselves with scarcityand subsistence2.Abrooding curmudgeon(Para.2)is_.A.aneconomistwhoismainly
40、concernedwithagriculturalbusinessB.ascholarwhoalwaysembracesnewideaswithgreat enthusiasmC.anelderlypersonwhohasweirdstubborn notionsD.ascientistwhoaccuseseconomicsofusingunscientificmethods3.Wecan infer from Paragraph 3 that_.A.CarlyleonlyagreedwithpartofBenthams philosophicaldoctrineB.no onewassure
41、howpleasureshouldbe measuredin CarlylesdayC.thepursuit of pleasure andthe avoidance of painare notthe same thingD.Carlyle attemptedtooverthrow Benthamsutilitarianphilosophy4.In paragraph4,bothweightsonmans scalesreferto _.A.usingpleasureandpaintomeasurehumanactionB.measuringa mans feelingsas wellhis
42、 temperatureC.weighingBenthamsphilosophyagainstCarlylesD.inventingameterformeasuringfeelingsofpleasureandpain5.It is implied that in the first half of the 20thcentury,most economists attention was on_.A.theinventionof a hedonimeterB.thestudyof observablehumanactionC.thestudyof a mans deeper feelings
43、D.the validation of Benthams theory6.IntheirexperimentKahnemanandhiscolleaguesaimedtofind out_.A.howtheirsubjects wouldreacttotheexperienceofpainandpleasureB.whethertheirsubjectswerecapableoffeelingpain andpleasureC.whetherCarlyleorBenthamwasright abouthuman feelingsD.howpsychologicalstates relatedt
44、ohumaneconomicmotives7.Which of the following kinds of evidence have the new hedonimetrists not used to measure peoplesfeelings?A.Askingpeopletoreporttheirownfeelings.B.Measuringpeoples brainwaveswhentheyreact.C.Simulatinghumanfeelingsbybuilding robots.D.Lookingdirectlyintopeoples facesandeyes.8.Kah
45、nemansfindingwas surprising because_.A.theduration ofthepaindeterminedhowthesubjectsfeltB.the duration of the discomfort was not important to the resultC.later reactions of the subjects differed from their initial reactionsD.both subjects had learned to disregard the discomfort caused to them9.Kahne
46、man and his colleagues conclude from their experiment thatA.making pain last long can help to relieve its intensityB.people can not tell when they feel pain and when they feel pleasureC.people tend to remember pleasurable experiences and forget painful onesD.the memory of pleasure and pain is what d
47、irects human behavior10.Kahnemans experiment _.咨询电话：010-68403280地址：北京海淀区西三环北路 21 号网址：A.confirms Carlyles assertionB.provides evidence for Benthams doctrineC.confirms the assertions of both of themD.refutes the assertions of both of themPassagePassagePassagePassage TwoTwoTwoTwoMy first right-wing end
48、eavorhelping get a book bannedhas failed miserably.I now can appreciatehow frustrating life in our permissive society must be for such grim-lipped groups as the Moral Majority.Normally,I dont favor censorship and have never before tried to get anything banned.But severalmonths ago,I joined in a crus
49、ade that was being led by Bill and Barbara Younis of Hannibal,N.Y.Bill and Barbara are parents of an 18-year-old high school senior,and they became alarmed when theydiscovered that their daughter was being required to read a book they considered vulgar.They went to the school superintendent and dema
50、nded that the book be removed from the reading list.He refused.So they asked friends and neighbors to sign petitions supporting them,and they demanded that theschool board ban the book.Thats when I found out about it.Areporter from that part of New York called to ask me what Ithought of the censorsh
