1、182中国CT和MRI杂志2023年02月 第21卷 第02期 总第160期【第一作者】文小检,男,主治医师,主要研究方向:中枢神经系统MR诊断及应用。E-mail:【通讯作者】文小检短篇论著Application of Low-Field MRI in the Diagnosis of Intramural Pregnancy(Report of 5 Cases)WEN Xiao-jian1,2,*,SHEN Guang-wu2.1.Department of Radiology,Hunan Chest Hospital,Changsha 410013,China2.Department o
2、f Radiology,Hunan Provincial Corps Hospital of CAPF,Changsha 410000,ChinaABSTRACTObjective To explore the MRI manifestations and diagnostic value of intramural pregnancy in the uterus,and to provide a basis for the early diagnosis,accurate positioning and selection of treatment options for this type
3、 of disease.Methods The clinical data of 5 cases of intramuscular pregnancy diagnosed by surgery and pathology in our hospital were collected,mainly including age,menopause time,relevant laboratory examinations,gynecological history,ultrasound examination and other data.And the MRI imaging data of t
4、he lesion(the location of the lesion,size and shape,internal signals,surrounding structures and other manifestations)were observed to analyze the MRI imaging characteristics of the lesion.Results Of the 5 patients with intramural pregnancy,4 cases had a history of multiple uterine cavity operations(
5、Abortion or curettage),and 1 case had pelvic soft tissue adhesions.The lesions in 3 cases were located on the posterior wall,1 case was located on the lateral wall,and 1 case was located on the uterine corner.The lesions were round or quasi-circular,with a size of(2.24cm1.40cm1.40cm)(2.72cm2.70cm2.1
6、3cm).The signal in the lesion was uneven,manifested as mixed signal.And,there were vesicle-like hypo-intensity on T1WI,hyper-intensity on T2WI,which were seen in the lesions.The patchy hyper-intensity was seen around the lesion on T1WI in 2 cases,which indicated hemorrhage.The main body of the lesio
7、n is located in the uterine wall,the endometrial hyper-intensity and the joint zone are continuous,and the hyper-intensity in the myometrium is interrupted,showing swelling growth without breaking through the serosal layer.Conclusion MRI can provide early diagnosis and accurate positioning of intram
8、ural pregnancy.If it is difficult to diagnose by clinical and ultrasound examination,MRI can be further performed to intramural pregnancy.Keywords:Intramural Pregnancy;MRI;Low-field;Diagnostic Application.子宫肌壁间妊娠是一种较为少见的异位妊娠,常早期出现停经、阴道流血及下腹痛,早期常常由于病灶较小超声难以明确诊断,由于其特殊位置可误诊为宫内妊娠,若不早期诊断或者诊断不明,患者得不到及时处理可
9、能会引发子宫破裂,影响患者生育,甚至出现大出血而危及患者生命1-2。现将我院收治的5例子宫肌壁间妊娠的临床及MRI资料进行总结,结合相关文献,为临床上早期诊断并提高该病影像学认识提供帮助。1 资料与方法1.1 一般资料 回顾性分析2015年1月至2019年12月武警湖南总队医院收治的5例子宫肌壁间妊娠的临床及低场MRI资料,年龄2241岁,平均年龄(27.610.5)岁,患者均无剖宫产及人工胚胎植入史,停经时间3850d,平均(42.75.6)d。尿人绒毛膜促性腺激素(Human Chorionic Gonadotropin,HCG)均阳性,血 HCG 明显升高,为 172.4-181764.
10、0 IU/L。超声检查可探及子宫内类圆形混合回声,1例位于肌壁间,1例位于宫角,余定位困难,均可见丰富血流,5例均经手术及病理证实为子宫肌壁间妊娠。1.2 检查方法 MR检查采用贝斯达(Basda)0.5T永磁型磁共振成像系统,扫描范围包括子宫及其附件。扫描序列:FSE 序列行轴位 T1WI(TR/TE 540/19 ms)及T2WI(TR/TE 3600/115 ms),FSE序列冠状位T2WI。1.3 治疗及病理 5例均手术治疗,4例行全麻下腹腔镜下妊娠病灶清除术,1例行全麻下剖腹探查术+妊娠病灶切除术,病理提示为蜕变绒毛组织。因患者多为年轻患者,有再生育需求,先行诊刮术,未刮出典型绒毛组
11、织,诊刮后彩超复查仍见孕囊或包块影,然后在阴道彩超引导下电针切开子宫壁,见妊娠组织,清除后缝合子宫切口,注射甲氨蝶呤20mg于切口周围肌层内预防持续性异位妊娠。术后抗炎、止血、补液等对症支持治疗,注意观察病情,术后监测血-HCG。2 结 果临床资料:5例子宫肌壁间妊娠患者中4例有多次宫腔操作史,1例合并有盆腔炎。病灶部位:3例病灶位于后壁,1例位于侧壁,1例位于宫角。病灶大小、形态:病灶均呈圆形或类圆形,大小(2.2cm1.4cm1.4cm)(2.7cm2.7cm2.1cm)。病灶内部信号:信号不均匀,表现为混杂T1WI低信号T2WI等-高信号影,均可见囊泡状T1WI低、T2WI高信号影(见图
12、1、图2),囊壁呈等或稍高T2WI信号。病灶周边组织情况:2例周围见斑片状T1WI高信号提示出血(图1);病灶主体位于子宫壁内,子宫低场MRI对子宫肌壁间妊娠的诊断应用(附5例报道)文小检1,2,*申光武21.湖南省胸科医院放射科 (湖南 长沙 410205)2.武警湖南总队医院放射科 (湖南 长沙 410006)【摘要】目的 探讨子宫肌壁间妊娠的低场MRI表现及诊断价值,为病变早期诊断及定位提供指导。方法 收集本院经手术及病理诊断的5例子宫肌壁间妊娠的临床及MRI资料,分析其MRI影像学特点。结果 5例子宫肌壁间妊娠患者中4例有多次宫腔操作史,1例合并有盆腔软组织粘连。3例病灶位于后壁,1例
13、位于侧壁,1例位于宫角。病灶均呈圆形或类圆形,大小(2.21.41.4)cm(2.72.72.1)cm,病灶内信号不均匀,表现为混杂T1WI低、T2WI等-高信号影,内均可见囊泡状T1WI低、T2WI高信号,2例周围见斑片状T1WI高信号提示出血。病灶主体位于子宫壁内,子宫内膜高信号及联合带低信号连续,子宫肌层中高信号中断,呈膨胀性生长,未突破浆膜层。结论 低场MRI检查能对子宫肌壁间妊娠进行早期诊断及准确定位,对于临床及超声检查难以确诊的病例可进一步行 MRI 检查。【关键词】妊娠,肌壁间;磁共振成像;低场;影 像诊断【中图分类号】R445.2【文献标识码】D DOI:10.3969/j.i
14、ssn.1672-5131.2023.02.062 183CHINESE JOURNAL OF CT AND MRI,FEB.2023,Vol.21,No.02 Total No.160(收稿日期:2021-09-10)(校对编辑:阮 靖)内膜低信号连续,子宫肌层中高信号中断,呈膨胀性生长,未突破浆膜层。其他:子宫体积增大,子宫内膜增厚;1例见宫腔受压变窄(图2),子宫腔内可见积液或稍高T1WI积血信号。3 讨 论子宫肌壁间妊娠是指孕囊位于子宫肌层,临床表现为停经、不规则阴道流血、尿或血-hCG升高,随着孕囊增大,患者常有早期下腹部疼痛,本研究中患者停经时间多不长,且有明显下腹痛或不适,MRI
15、检查也显示妊娠囊体积较小,最大者也只有2.7cm2.7cm2.1cm。肌壁间妊娠由于其位置的特殊性,不同于其他异位妊娠,早期病灶过小在超声下易被误诊为宫内妊娠或者定位不明确,若错过早期处理时机,随着病灶生长增大可引发子宫破裂,甚至大出血,危及患者生命。引起子宫肌壁间异位妊娠的原因可能与子宫内膜缺陷有关3,还有研究认为可能与合并其他疾病有关,比如子宫浆膜炎引起的部分浆膜破坏缺损、子宫腺肌症等4。本研究中4例患者有流产史,1例子宫浆膜炎,周围见组织粘连。本研究总结5例子宫肌壁间妊娠的MRI图像,发现其影像学表现具有一定的特异性。本研究中妊娠囊多表现为混杂长T1等-长T2信号,可见囊泡状T2WI高信
16、号,可能是孕囊液及胎儿,囊壁多表现为长T1等或稍长T2信号,边界多清晰。另有2例周边见短T1信号,多提示出血。这与既往研究中关于宫内妊娠5及异位妊娠6妊娠囊的信号特点基本是一致的,只是病灶主体位于肌壁间,子宫内膜高信号是连续的,并且病灶不会突破浆膜层。MRI有利于准图1 子宫角肌壁间妊娠。女性患者,41岁,盆腔炎病史,停经45天,B超发现右侧子宫壁妊娠囊。图1A:MR平扫,轴位T1WI示肌壁间混杂信号,内见囊泡状低信号(粗箭头);图1B:MRI平扫,轴位T2WI示肌壁间病灶以高信号为主,未突破浆膜层,联合带低信号连续;图1C:MRI平扫,矢状位T1WI示病灶周围见斑片状高信号(细箭头);图1D:MRI平扫,矢状位T2WI示病灶边界尚清晰。图2 子宫肌壁间妊娠。女性患者,22岁,停经40天,B超发现子宫后壁妊娠囊。图2A:MRI平扫,轴位T1WI示妊娠囊呈混杂信号,内见囊泡状低信号(细剪头);图2B:MRI平扫,轴位T2WI示病灶内见囊泡状高信号;图2C:矢状位T2WI及;图2D:冠状位T2WI示妊娠囊位于子宫后壁肌壁间,囊壁为等信号,联合带低信号连续,病灶未突破浆膜层。确定位,并确定病