1、方桂友,郭庆,刘景,等.低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮添加谷氨酸和精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响J.福建农业学报,2022,37(11):14071414.FANGGY,GUOQ,LIUJ,etal.EffectsofAminoAcid-balancedLow-ProteinDietSupplementedwithGlutamateandArginineonGrowthandSerumIndicatorsofWeanedPigletsJ.Fujian Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2022,37(11):14071414.低蛋白质氨基酸平衡饲粮添加谷氨酸和
2、精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能和血液指标的影响方桂友1,郭庆1,刘景1,林长光1,2,董志岩1*(1.福建省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所,福建福州350003;2.福建光华百斯特生态农牧发展有限公司,福建福州350003)摘要:【目的】探讨较大程度降低饲粮粗蛋白质(Crudeprotein,CP)水平后添加必需氨基酸、谷氨酸和精氨酸对断奶仔猪生长性能、腹泻率和血液生化指标的影响。【方法】选用 192 头(262d)健康的杜长大三元杂交断奶仔猪,随机分成 4 个处理组,每组设 6 个重复,每个重复 8 头猪。组为对照组,饲粮 CP 水平 21.16%;组为低CP(15.97%)补充必需氨基酸(L-赖氨酸、
3、DL-蛋氨酸、L-苏氨酸、L-色氨酸、L-缬氨酸、L-异亮氨酸)饲粮;组在组基础上添加 1.5%谷氨酸,组在组基础上添加 1.5%谷氨酸和 1.0%精氨酸。试验期 16d,试验结束时,采集断奶仔猪结束体重、耗料量、腹泻天数和血液样品,测定仔猪日增重、料重比、腹泻率及血浆生化和激素指标。【结果】仔猪平均日增重(ADG)组显著低于组、组和组(P0.05),组、组与组间差异不显著(P 0.05)。平 均 日 采 食 量(ADFI)各 组 间 差 异 均 不 显 著(P 0.05)。料 重 比 组 显 著 高 于 其 他 处 理 组(P0.05)。仔猪腹泻率组显著低于组(P0.05),组和组均极显著低
4、于组(P0.01),显著低于组(P0.05)。仔猪血浆乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、谷丙转氨酶(GPT)和谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性各组间差异均不显著(P0.05),仔猪血浆二胺氧化酶(DAO)活性组比组显著升高(P0.05),组和组均显著低于组(P0.05),组和组与组相比均差异不显著(P0.05)。血浆尿素氮(PUN)浓度组显著低于组、组和组(P0.05)。血浆 CCK 浓度组和组均显著高于组和组(P0.05),血浆IGF-1 浓度组显著高于组和组(P0.05),组、组和组间差异不显著(P0.05)。【结论】将饲粮CP 水平降低至 15.97%,断奶仔猪生长性能受到不利影响,肠
5、道屏障通透性受到不同程度影响,但能降低断奶仔猪腹泻率和血浆 PUN 浓度;添加谷氨酸后,能够恢复断奶仔猪生长性能,提高胃肠激素水平。因此,断奶后饲喂低蛋白质饲粮并添加重要必需氨基酸和谷氨酸可减少断奶仔猪腹泻,降低肠黏膜屏障通透性,是一种可行的饲喂策略。关键词:谷氨酸;精氨酸;生长性能;血液指标;低蛋白质饲粮;断奶仔猪中图分类号:S828文献标志码:A文章编号:1008-0384(2022)11140708Effects of Amino Acid-balanced Low-Protein Diet Supplemented with Glutamate andArginine on Growt
6、h and Serum Indicators of Weaned PigletsFANGGuiyou1,GUOQing1,LIUJing1,LINChangguang1,2,DONGZhiyan1*(1.Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Research,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou,Fujian350003,China;2.Fujian Guanghua Best Eco-Agriculture Development Co.,Ltd.,Fuzhou,Fu
7、jian350003,China)Abstract:【Objective】Effectsofaforagewithreducedproteinandasupplementofessentialaminoacids,glutamate,andarginineonthegrowth,diarrhearate,andserumindicatorsofweanedpigletswerestudied.【Method】One-hundred-ninety-twohealthy(262)-day-oldcrossbredpiglets(DurocLandraceLargeWhite)wererandoml
8、ydividedintoacontroland3收稿日期:20220412初稿;20220801修改稿作者简介:方桂友(1972),男,硕士,副研究员,主要从事养猪生产新技术研究(E-mail:)共同第一作者:郭庆(1970),男,高级畜牧师,主要从事动物营养研究(E-mail:)*通信作者:董志岩(1965),男,研究员,主要从事猪饲料营养研究与开发(E-mail:)基金项目:福建省科技计划公益类专项(2020R10260011);福建省科技重大专项(2021NZ029023-5)福建农业学报2022,37(11):14071414http:/Fujian Journal of Agricu
9、ltural Sciencesdoi:10.19303/j.issn.1008-0384.2022.011.006treatmentgroups.Eachgroupcomprised6replicatesof8piglets.Theywerefedfor16dayswiththefollowingforagescontaining21.16%crudeprotein(CP)ascontrol(Group1),low-proteinof15.97%CPsupplementedwiththeessentialaminoacidsincludingL-Lys,DL-Met,L-Thr,L-Thr,L
10、-Val,andL-Ile(Group2),15.93%CPwiththesameaddedessentialaminoacidplus1.5%glutamate(Group3),and15.95%CPwiththeaddedessentialaminoacidsplus1.5%glutamateand1.0%arginine(Group4).Atendofthefeeding,bodyweight,forageconsumption,numberofdayswithdiarrhea,andbloodsamplesof the piglets were collected for daily
11、gain,feed to weight ratio,diarrhea rate,and plasma biochemicals and hormonesdeterminations.【Result】Theaveragedailyweightgain(ADG)ofthepigletsinGroup2wassignificantlylowerthanthoseinothergroups(P0.05).TherewerenosignificantADGdifferencesamongthose3groups,northeaveragedailyfeedintake(ADFI)amongallgrou
12、ps(P0.05).Thefeed/gain(F/G)ofGroup2wassignificanthigherthanothergroups(P0.05).ThediarrhearateofGroup2pigletswassignificantlylowerthanthatofGroup1;Group3andGroup4extremelysignificantlylowerthanthatofGroup1;andGroup3andGroup4significantlylowerthanthatofGroup2(P0.05).TheactivitiesofserumLDH,ALP,GPT,and
13、GOTamongthe4groupsdidnotdiffersignificantly(P0.05).TheDAOofGroup2animalswassignificantlyhigherthanthatofGroup1;Group3andGroup4significantlylowerthanGroup2;whileGroup3andGroup4not significant differed from Group 1(P0.05).The PUN of Group 2 was significantly lower than the other 3 groups(P0.05).TheCCK
14、ofGroup3andGroup4weresignificantlyhigherthanthoseofGroup1andGroup2(P0.05).NosignificantdifferencesonIGF-1werefoundamongpigletsofGroup1,Group2,andGroup3,butthatofGroup4higherthanthoseofGroup1andGroup2(P0.05).【Conclusion】ThereductionofCPto15.97%inforagecouldadverselyaffectthegrowthaswellastheintestina
15、lbarrierpermeabilitytovaryingdegreesoftheweanedpiglets.However,italsoreducedthediarrhearateandplasmaPUNoftheweanedpiglets.Sincetheadditionofglutamateindietrestoredthegrowthandimprovedthelevelsofgastrointestinalhormonesofpiglets,feedingpigletsanessentialaminoacid-balanced,low-proteindietwiththesupple
16、mentationofglutamatecouldbeaplausiblestrategytomitigatetheoccurrencesofdiarrheaandinterferenceontheintestinalmucosalbarrierpermeabilityintheanimalsafterweaning.Key words:Glutamate;arginine;growthperformance;serumindicators;low-proteindiet;weanedpiglets0引言【研究意义】我国规模猪场仔猪断奶时间一般为 34 周龄,仔猪断奶时受到剧烈的生理、环境和营养应激,相对于心理和环境应激,营养应激影响最大1,2,营养方面尤其是断奶仔猪饲粮中占比较高的豆粕,其所含的大豆球蛋白(Glycinin)和-伴大豆球蛋白(-conglycinin)是引起肠道超敏反应的主要抗原,造成仔猪小肠绒毛受损,引起断奶仔猪消化吸收障碍和腹泻,给生产带来较大的经济损失3。加上许多规模猪场采用仔猪断奶后留在原栏圈饲养几天的模式,增加了仔猪被细菌和毒素感染的机会,加重肠道损伤。肠道