1、考研英语（一）作文主题词石雷鹏老师版1.精神品质team spirit 团队精神teamwork n.团队合作strengthen/enhance the cooperation 增强合作cultivate/foster the sense of teamwork 培养团队意识optimism n.乐观optimistic adj.乐观的pessimism n.悲观pessimistic adj.悲观的patience n.耐心patient adj.耐心的prudence n.谨慎prudent adj.谨慎的persistence/perseverance n.恒心/毅力/坚持persev
2、ering adj.坚持不懈的give up halfway 半途而废努力做某事 endeavor to do sth./strive to do sth./do ones utmost to do sthdiligence n.勤奋 painstaking effortsself-dependence/self-reliance/independence n.独立;自立innovation n.创新innovative adj.创新的；具有创新精神的creativity n.创造力creative adj.有创造力的critical thinking 批判性思维self-confidence
3、 n.自信modesty n.谦虚modest adj.谦虚的aggressive adj.有进取心的strong-willed adj.意志坚强的tireless adj.孜孜不倦的consistent adj.始终如一的逆境和苦难 adversity and hardship成就感 a sense of achievement荣誉感 a sense of honorambition n.胸怀；抱负不劳而获 reap without sowing欲速则不达 haste makes wasteutilitarian adj.功利的，急功近利的付诸行动 take actionsdown-to-e
4、arth adj.务实的thrift n.节俭thrifty adj.节俭的honesty n.诚信respect the old and care for the young 尊老爱幼curiosity n.好奇心curious adj.好奇的spirit of the craftsman/craftsmans spirit/craftsmanship spirit 工匠精神strive for the best/strive for excellence 精益求精2.道德类public morality 公德devotion n.投入；忠诚dedication n.奉献精神charity
5、n.慈善a sense of responsibility/duty 责任感shoulder/undertake ones duty/responsibility 承担责任avoid/shirk ones duty/responsibility 逃避责任traditional virtues 传统美德filial piety 孝道selfless devotion 无私奉献patriotism n.爱国主义comply with the law/observation of the law 遵守法律comply with the public morality 遵守公德follow the m
6、orals 按道德行事improve public morals 改进社会风气safeguard public morals 维护公共道德the lack of moral sense 道德缺失spit everywhere 随地吐痰make noise/talk loudly 大声喧哗litter n.垃圾；v.乱丢垃圾litter the house with sth.在房间里乱扔empty promise 空洞承诺false promise 虚假承诺unfair competitions 不公平竞争consumers rights and interests 消费者权益disregard
7、 the public rules 无视公共规章break/violate public regulations 违反公共规章benevolence n.善心仁慈amicable adj.友好的charitable adj.乐善好施的credibility n.信誉，美誉fake commodities 伪劣产品dishonest behaviors 欺诈行为unaffordable prices of medicines 药价虚高illegal ads 非法广告food safety 食品安全misdeed/misconduct n.不良行为spirit of contact 契约精神vol
8、unteer/volunteering/volunteering service 志愿者/志愿者活动/志愿服务volunteer spirit 志愿者精神3.家庭/两代关系类set an example 树立榜样mutual understanding 相互理解the aged society 老龄化社会population aging 人口老龄化generation gap 代沟widen/expand generation gap 扩大代沟narrow/bridge generation gap 消除代沟career women 职业妇女domestic/family violence 家
9、庭暴力foster/raise/breed/nurture/bring up 抚养household chores 繁杂家务spoil children=dote on children 溺爱孩子over-indulgence n.纵容溺爱only child 独生子女the universal two-child policy 全面二孩政策a well-off family 小康之家nuclear family 核心家庭a single-parent family 单亲家庭ones later years/ones remaining years 晚年practice filial piet
10、y/fulfill filial duty 奉行孝道support(take care of/sustain)the elderly(the old/the aged/the senior/aged parents/the old andinfirm parents)赡养老人mistreat/ill-treat/maltreat parents 虐待父母cousin n.堂兄妹，表兄妹offspring n.后代，后辈ancestor n.祖先heir n.继承人4.健康成长idol n.偶像blind/irrational worship of.对盲目/非理性的崇拜physical heal
11、th/fitness/well-being 生理健康mental/psychological health/fitness/well-being 心理健康improve/enhance physical(psychological)health 增进生理(心理)健康hurt/damage physical(psychological)health 损害生理(心理)健康health concern 健康问题state of health 健康状况sub-health n.亚健康public health 公共卫生state of mind 心态physical exercises 体育锻炼wel
12、l-balanced diet 均衡饮食sacrifice health 牺牲健康junk food 垃圾食品food additives 食品添加剂go on a diet 节食，减肥indigestion n.消化不良vaccinate v.给接种疫苗infectious disease/illness 传染病chronic disease/illness 慢性病non-acclimatization 水土不服short-sightedness n.近视malnutrition n.营养不良5.文化类culture and civilization 文化和文明the Spring Fest
13、ival 春节dining together/gathering dinners 聚会吃饭the joyful atmosphere of the New Year 新年的喜庆氛围museum n.博物馆art gallery 艺术馆be free of charge 免费的The cultural blending/integration/fusion 文化融合cultural exchanges/interaction/interchange 文化交流cultural diversity 文化多元化multiculturalism n.多元文化cultural identity 文化特性c
14、ultural treasures 文化宝藏cultural heritage/legacy 文化遗产cultural relics 文物cultural facilities 文化设施cultural devolution 文化退化cultural insights 文化视角traditional Chinese culture/national culture 民族(传统)文化alien/foreign culture 外国文化Chinese cultural symbols 中国文化的符号advocate/carry forward traditional culture 弘扬传统文化p
15、reserve and cherish traditions 保存和珍惜传统undermine traditions 破坏传统great and profound 博大精深的literature n.文学local customs and practices 风土人情cross-cultural communication 跨文化交流spiritual civilization 精神文明break with old customs 抛弃传统hand down from generation to generation 代代相传national pride 民族自豪original adj.原始
16、的；原创的charming adj.极具魅力的splendid adj.壮丽辉煌的talk show 谈话节目crash v./n.碰撞collection n.收藏品mahjong 麻将Peking/Beijing Opera 京剧Tang Suit 唐装folk art 民间艺术paper cutting 剪纸6.教育读书类part-time jobs 兼职工作vacation n.假期compulsory education 义务教育life-long education 终身教育exam/test-oriented education 应试教育quality-oriented educ
17、ation 素质教育comprehensive development of a child 孩子的全面发展impart knowledge 讲授知识to enrol new students 录取新生admissions 录取人数recruitment n.招募popular fiction 通俗小说poetry n.诗歌（不可数）poem n.诗歌（可数）intellectual property 知识产权law education 法制教育teach students according to their aptitude 因材施教academic/theoretical knowled
18、ge 学术/理论知识practical skills 实用技能integrate theory with practice 理论联系实际disconnect theory from practice 理论脱离实际shape/mould ones character 塑造性格extra-curricular activities 课外活动the spirit of exploration 探索精神cultivate(nurture,foster)creative/original thinking 培养创新思维stifle/constrain/extinguish creativity 扼杀创造
19、力sap/dampen students interest in sth.挫伤学生对某事的兴趣opening ceremony 开学典礼key school 重点中学private school 私立学校public school 公立学校eliminate illiteracy 扫盲miss a class 缺课drop out 辍学dropout n.退学者quit school 退学assistantship 助学金scholarship 奖学金university graduates 大学毕业生pursue post-graduate study/prepare for the nat
20、ional entrance examination for postgraduates 考研study abroad/go abroad for further education 出国留学excessive/undue academic pressure 过大的学习压力the burden of study/learning 学习负担ease/relieve academic pressure 缓解学习压力intensify academic pressure 增强学习压力academic atmosphere 学习气氛7.经济社会发展market share 市场份额mobile pho
21、ne/cell phone 手机industry n.工业；行业developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家saturation n.饱和manufacturer n.制造商brand n.品牌the domestic market 国内市场the competitive edge 竞争力；竞争优势urban adj.城市的rurual adj.农村的urbanization n.城市化population expansion 人口规模膨胀medical care 医疗shorten/narrow the gap between the
22、rural and urban areas 缩小城乡差距canteen n.餐厅start ones own business 创业；开公司satisfaction n.满意economic globalization 经济全球化mobile payment 移动支付shared bikes 共享单车high-speed trains 高铁online shopping 网络购物recession/bleeding economy 经济不景气economic/financial crisis 经济/金融危机economic recovery 经济复苏economic prosperity/bo
23、om 经济繁荣delayed retirement 延迟退休the family planning policy/the one-child policy 计划生育政策spur/stimulate economic development 刺激经济发展hinder/impede economic development 阻碍经济发展job market 就业市场look for/hunt for/seek a job 找工作job seeker 求职者a tough job market 严峻的就业形势unrealistic salary expectations 不切实际的薪资期望pursu
24、e a high-paid job 追求高薪工作the lack of practical experience/hands-on experience/practical abilities/vocational skills/careerskills 没有或缺乏实践经验/实践能力/职业技能lose ones job/be unemployed 失业unemployment n.失业人数generate/create job opportunities/employment opportunities 创造/提供就业机会career guidance 就业指导decline/recessio
25、n/depression n.萎缩/衰退/萧条the demand exceeds the supply 供不应求unfair competition 不正当竞争fierce/intense/furious competition 激烈竞争fake and inferior product 假冒伪劣产品after-sale service 售后服务enterprise image 企业形象over-consuming 超前消费enhance citizensstandard of living 提升居民生活水平eliminate poverty 消除贫困narrow the gap betwe
26、en the wealthy and the needy 缩小贫富差距8.环保类environment-friendly adj.生态环保的conserve natural habitats 保护生存环境animal rights activist 动物权益保护者natural reserve 自然保护区natural resources 自然资源energy conservation and environmental protection 节能环保biodiversity n.生物多样性extinction n.灭绝greenhouse effect 温室效应develop renewab
27、le resources 开发可再生资源low-carbon economy 低碳经济deforestation n.森林消失landslide n.山体滑坡biodegradable adj.可生物降解的environment-friendly(eco-friendly)products 环保产品household garbage 生活垃圾waste sorting/garbage classification 垃圾分类motor vehicle pollution 汽车尾气污染reduce exhaust emission from cars/automobiles 减少汽车尾气排放public transport 公共交通water and soil erosion 水土流失create pleasant living environment 创造怡人的生活环境air pollution 空气污染degradation/deterioration of air quality 空气质量恶化discharge/emit poisonous/toxic gas 排放有毒气体toxic waste 有毒废物industrial waste 工业废物sewage treatment 污水处理
