1、?1?40?2?80?1?count=0;for(k=1;k=n;k*=2)for(j=1;j=n;j+)count+;A?O(log2n)B?O(n)C?O(nlog2n)D?O(n2)2?a/b+(c*d-e*f)/g?f?A?+(*-B?+(-*C?/+(*-*D?/+-*3?A0M-1?end1?end2?M-1?A?end1=end2?end1=(end2+1)mod MB?end1=end2?end2=(end1+1)mod(M-1)C?end2=(end1+1)mod M?end1=(end2+1)mod MD?end1=(end2+1)mod M?end2=(end1+1)mo
2、d(M-1)4?x?xbecadA?e?cB?e?aC?d?cD?b?a5?F?T?F?A?T?B?T?1?C?T?D?T?6?5?4?A?01,0000,0001,001,1B?011,000,001,010,1C?000,001,010,011,100D?0,100,110,1110,11007?A?3,1,2,4,5,6B?3,1,2,4,6,5C?3,1,4,2,5,6D?3,1,4,2,6,5?O(nlog2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2n)n n n n n n n n )/g?C?/+(*-*D D D D D D D D D D D D?/+-*?end1?enenene
3、nenenenenenenenenen nd2d2d2d2d2 2d2d2d2d2d2 2d2d2?M-1?enenenenenenenenenenen ne e en nene e e e d1d1d1d1d1d1d1d1d1 1 1d1d d=(e(e(e(e(e(e(e(e(e e e e(e(e(e e(ndndndndndndndndnd d dnd2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2+2 2+2 2 2 2 1)mod M2?end2=(e(e(e(e(e(e(e(e(e e e(ndn 1+1)m(end1+1)momomomomomo omomomomo omo o od d d d
4、 d d d d d d d d d d MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM?en n n n n n n n n n n n nd1d1d1d1d1d1d1d1d d1d d d1d d1d1 1 1=(end2+=(end2+1)momomomomomomomomom mom mom m m d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d d MMMMMMMMMMMMMM?e enenenenenen nenenenene d2d2d d d d2d d d d d d d d d d=(end?x?baB?8?A?B?C?(?)?D?9?15?4?B?A?5
5、B?6C?10D?1510?1?9,1,4,13,7,8,20,23,15?A?2B?3C?4D?511?2?A?2,3,5,4,6,7,9B?2,7,5,6,4,3,9C?3,2,5,4,7,6,9D?4,2,3,5,7,6,912?P?M?20?P?70%?CPI?1.2?P?M?A?8.4?B?11.7?C?14?D?16.8?13?x=103?y=-25?8?A?x+yB?-x+yC?x-yD?-x-y14?float?IEEE754?float?x?y?32?f1?f2?(f1)=CC90 0000H?(f2)=B0C0 0000H?x?y?A?xy?B?xy?D?xy?15?256
6、MB?4M8?DRAM?DRAM?A?19B?22C?30D?3616?Cache?Cache?A?Cache?B?Cache?C?CPU?D?17?16?32?8?Store?Store?A?-32768 +32767B?-32767 +32768C?-65536 +65535D?-65535 +6553618?32?2?4?1 1?C?4D?5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5?B?2,7,5,6,6,6,6,6,6 6,6,6,6 6 6 6 6,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4,4 4 4 4 4 4 4,4 3,3,3,3,3,3,3 3,3 3,3 9 9 9 9 9 9
7、9 9 9 9 9 9D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D?4,4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2,3,5,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7,7 7 7,7 7 7,6,6 6 6 6 9?20202020202020202020202020202 2 2 20?P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P?.2?P?MMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM?B?11.7?C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C?14 41414 4141414 414 4 41414 414 4 4?5?8?B B
8、B B B B?-x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+x+y y y y y y y y y y y y yC?x-y?IEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE E E E E E757 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4?2?f f f f f f f f f f f1 1 1 1 1 1 1f f f f f f?f f f f f f f f f f f f2f f?(f(f(1f f)=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC CCCCC CCCC C C90 0000?xy?25252525252525252525252 252525252525 525
9、 56M6M6M6M6M6M6M6M6M6 6 6M6M6M6 6M6 6 6 6 6B B B B?Bhe?A?5B?6C?8D?919?/?32?66MHz?(?)?(?)?A?132 MB/sB?264 MB/sC?528 MB/sD?1056 MB/s20?A?B?C?D?21?I/O?A?B?I/O?CPU?I/O?C?I/O?D?CPU?I/O?22?100ns?400ns?50ns?CPU?I/O?CPU?A?12.5%B?25%C?37.5%D?50%23?A?B?C?D?24?n?3?4?5?n?A?9B?10C?11D?1225?A?trap?B?C?D?26?A?B?C?
10、D?27?10GB?(Cluster)?4KB?(bit)?A?80B?320C?80KD?320K28?I?(TLB)?II?III?(swap)A?IB?IIC?I?IID?II?III29?A?B?C?D?30?Belady?Belady?I/O?0ns?400n n0n n0n0n n0n0n n0n n n0 s?CPC C C C C C C C C U?C?37 7 737 7 73737373737 7 7 737 73.5.5.5.5.5.5 5.5 5 5 5.5 5 5.5 5 5.5%D?50%?B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B?D D D
11、 D D D D D D D D D D D D D?n?B?10101010101010 0 0 01 1 1C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C?11?B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B?C?10101010101010 01010 0 0GBGBGBGBGBGBGBGBGBGB B B B B B B B B BG G G?BI?LRU?II?FIFO?III?OPT?A?IIB?I?IIC?I?IIID?II?III31?(Pipe)?A?B?C?D?32?A?B?C?D?33?OSI?A?B?C?D?34?00-e
12、1-d5-00-23-a1?00-e1-d5-00-23-c1?1?00-e1-d5-00-23-c1?00-e1-d5-00-23-a1?1?A?3?1B?2,3?1C?2,3?1,2D?1,2,3?135?A?B?C?D?36?N?(GBN)?1000?1000?100Mbps?(?)?50ms?A?10MbpsB?20MbpsC?80MbpsD?100Mbps37?A?B?C?CDMA?A?B?C?(chipping sequence)?(1,1,1,1)?(1,-1,1,-1)?(1,1,-1,-1)?C?(2,0,2,0,0,-2,0,-2,0,2,0,2)?C?A?A?000B?1
13、01C?110D?11138?TCP?MSS=1KB?10KB?t?8KB?t?10?RTT?A?10KBB?12KBC?14KBD?15KB39?UDP?I?II?/?III?A?IB?I?IIC?II?IIID?I?II?III40?Web?0000000000000000 0000000 00 0-e1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-d5d d d d d d d d d d d d5-00-232323232323232323 323 32323 3 3-c1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1?B?2,3 3 3 3 3?1111111111 C C C C C
14、 C C C C C C C C C C?22222222 22 2 22222 2 2 2,3,3,3,3,3,3,3 3 3?1,2?B?C C C C C C C C C C C C C C C?N?(G(G(G(G(G(G(G(G(G(G G(G(G(G(G(BN)?0000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0?100MMMMMMMMMMMbpbpbpbpbpbpbpbpbpbpbp pbpbpbp ps s s s s s s?)?10MbMbMbMbMbMbMbMbMbMbMbMbMb b b b b b b b b b bMb b b b b b b b bMbMMMMb
15、 b b bpspspspspspspspspspspspspspspspspsp pspsp p psp p pspB B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B?20 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 020 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0MMbMMMMMMMMMMMbMbMMbMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMbMMM psp p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p p?A?B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B B?C C?CDCD D D D D D D D D D D D D D D
16、D D D D D D D D D D DMAMAMA AMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMAMMAMAMMMAMAMMAMA AMAMAMMAMAMAMMAMMA AMMAMMMMMMA A?(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1 1(,-1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1-1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1 1)?(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1(1 1(1(1(1(1(1(1 1 1 1 1 1,1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
17、1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1,-1,1,1,1,1,1 1 1,1,1,1,1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1 1,1,1-1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1)1 1)1)1)1)1)1)?B?A?PPPB?ARPC?UDPD?SMTP?41?47?70?41.(13?)?(WPL)?T?weight?root?T?T?WPL?1?2?C?C+?3?C?C+?42.(10?)?OSPF?42?R1?(LSI)?42?42?R1?42?R1?LSIR1?LSIR2?LSIR3?LSIR4?LSI?Router ID10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1
18、.510.1.1.6?IP?Link1ID10.1.1.210.1.1.110.1.1.610.1.1.5?Router IDIP10.1.1.110.1.1.210.1.1.510.1.1.6Link1?IP?Metric3366Link1?Link2ID10.1.1.510.1.1.610.1.1.110.1.1.2?Router IDIP10.1.1.910.1.1.1310.1.1.1010.1.1.14Link2?IP?Metric2424Link2?Net1Prefix192.1.1.0/24192.1.6.0/24192.1.5.0/24192.1.7.0/24?Net1?Met
19、ric1111?Net1?42?R1?1?2?42?42?(LSI)?42?(?ID?)?3?(Dijikstra)?R1?42?192.1.x.x?43?9?42?1?42?R1?42leftweightright?2?LSILSIR4R R R R R R R R R R R?LSI?0.1.1.51010101010101010101010.1.1.6?IP?10.1.1.61010101010 0101010 01010 01 1 1 1 1 1 101 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1.5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5?R10101010101
20、0 010 0101 101010 0.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 1.5.5.5.5.5 5 5 5.5101 1 1010101010101 101 101 101 1 101010.1.1.6L LiL L L nk1?36 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 66 6 6 6 6 6L10.1.1.6101010101010 0101 1010 01010 0.1.1 1 1.1 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1.1.1 1.1 1.1.1.1 1.1 1.1.1 1101010101010 0 0 0 0 0 010 010 0.1
21、1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 1.1 1 1 1 1.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2?10.1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.1.1.1.1.1.1.1 1 1.1.1 1.1.1 1.3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 310.1.1.1010101010101010101 1 1 1 1 1 1 1.1 1 1 1 1 1.1.144 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 424.1.1.0/24192.2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.1 1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
22、 6.6.6.6.6.6 6.6.6.6 6 6 6.6 0/0 0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/2424242424242424242424 424 4 4192.1.5.5.5.5.5.5.5.5 5 5 0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0/0 2424242 2424242 2 24 42 2 2 2192.1.1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 11 1 1 1?192.1.x.x?2?192.1.1.130?192.1.7.211?TTL=64?IP?R1?IP?192.1.7.211?IP?TTL?3?R1?Metr
23、ic?10?Internet?42?R1?LSI?44.?12?p?:”for(int i=0;i N;i+)sum+=Ai;”?sum?i?R1?R2?N?R6?A?R3?P?0804 8100H?108048100H00022080Hloop:sll R4,R2,2(R2)2?R4208048104H00083020Hadd R4,R4,R3(R4)+(R3)?R4308048108H8C850000Hload R5,0(R4)(R4)+0)?R540804810CH00250820Hadd R1,R1,R5(R1)+(R5)?R1508048110H20420001Hadd R2,R2,
24、1(R2)+1?R2608048114H1446FFFAHbne R2,R6,loopif(R2)!=(R6)goto loop?M?32?bne?31 26 25 21 20 16 15 0OPRsRdOFFSETOP?Rs?Rd?OFFSET?1?M?2?sll?A?3?44?bne?OFFSET?bne?PC?bne?44?bne?bne?4?M?5?IF?ID?EXE?MEM?WB?3?P?1?5?45?44?M?P?M?P?(R1)=(R2)=0?(R6)=1000?Cache?A?1?P?R2?2?M?Cache?Cache?Cache?16?Cache?32?P?Cache?3?
25、P?A?TLB?2,2(R4,R3(R4 4 4 4 4R4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4)+R5,0(R4)(R4)+0)add R1 1 1 1 1,R1R R R R R R R R R R R,R5(R1)+(+(+(+(+(+(+(+(+(+(+(+(R5R5R5R5R5R5R5R5R R5 5 5 5)?add R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R2 2,2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R R2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2,1(
26、R(R(R(R(R(R R(R(R(R(R(R2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2)2+1?R2bne R2,R R R R R R R R R R R R6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6,6 lo lo lo lo lo lo lo lo l lo lo lo lo loopopopopopopopopop p pif if if if if if if if i if if(R2R R2R2R2R R2R R R2R2R R)!=(R6)g2?bnb b b b b b b b b e?21 20 1616161616161616 61 1 1 1 1515151515
27、15151515 5 51515 5 515 0RsRd d d d d d d d d d d d dOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOFOF FO O O FSFSFSFSFS SFSFS S SFSFS S SETE E E E E E E E E E E E?Rd?OFFS S S S S S S S S S S SETETETETE ETETETETETETETE E ET TE?sll l l l l l l l l l?A A A A A A A A A A A A A A A?44 4 4 4?bnbnb b b b b b b bnbnbnbnbnbnbnbn n ne
28、e e e e e e e e e e?OFOFOFOFO OFOFOFOFO O OFOFOFOFOFO OFOFFS S S S S S S SE E E E E ETE E E E E E E E E E E E E E E?C?bnbnbnbnb b bnbnbnbnbnb b b b b b bnbnb b b b b b e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e e?44?MMMMMMMMMMMM?E E E E E E?MEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEMEME EMEMEMEMEMEMMEMMEMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMMM?3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3?46.?F?200?1?F?30?1?F?F?2?1KB?4?47.?1000?10?P?V(wait()?signal()?
