1、书书书第 25 卷第 1 期2023 年2 月古地理学报JOUNAL OF PALAEOGEOGAPHY(Chinese Edition)Vol.25No.1Feb 2023文章编号:16711505(2023)01016317DOI:107605/gdlxb202301011东非鲁伍马盆地深水 X 气藏海底扇储层构型研究:重力流底流交互作用的指示意义*张佳佳1,2吴胜和1,2王瑞峰3王敏3陈梅1,2王晓丰4徐庆岩3熊绮聪1,2余季陶1,2王黎31 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院,北京 1022492 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 1022493 中国石油勘探开发研
2、究院,北京 1000834 中国石油莫桑比克公司,北京 100034摘要底流在陆缘深水环境下广泛存在,可对深水沉积过程及砂体分布产生重要影响。前人对重力流与底流的交互作用机制及沉积产物开展了大量研究,但目前有关底流改造型的海底扇储层构型模式仍然研究不够深入。东非鲁伍马盆地是当前重力流底流交互作用研究的热点地区,文中以其代表性的下始新统海底扇水道体系为例,综合岩心、测井及三维地震资料开展储层构型精细表征,建立重力流底流交互作用下的海底扇水道体系构型模式。研究表明,目标水道体系内部发育水道、溢岸及朵叶 3 种构型要素,其中水道可分为水道复合体、单一水道及其内部不同级次的构型单元。底流对细粒物质的搬
3、运可形成非对称的溢岸沉积,导致水道复合体之间呈逆底流侧向迁移叠置样式,其间泥岩隔层容易保存;单一水道之间呈顺水道纵向迁移或逆底流侧向迁移样式,其中纵向迁移部位水道切叠连通,而侧向迁移部位容易保存泥质侧向隔挡体。受重力流沉积演化的影响,单一水道内部充填由砂泥交互型逐渐演化为富砂型,且在水道弯曲段的轴部砂体最为发育。关键词鲁伍马盆地海底扇水道体系储层构型重力流底流第一作者简介张佳佳,男,1990 年生,博士,中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院讲师,主要从事油气田储层非均质机理与精细化表征的研究工作。E-mail:zhangjiajia0103cupeducn。中图分类号:P512.2文献标志码:A*
4、国家自然科学基金(编号:42002112,42272110),中石油与中国石油大学(北京)战略合作课题(编号:ZLZX202002)以及中国石油大学(北京)拔尖人才科研启动基金(编号:2462022BJC006)联合资助。Co-funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of Chi-na(Nos 42002112,42272110),the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(No ZLZX202002),and the Science Founda-ti
5、on for Youth Scholars of China University of Petroleum(Beijing)(No.2462022BJC006)收稿日期:20220725改回日期:20220819Submarine-fan reservoir architecture of deepwater gasfield X inovuma Basin offshore East Africa:insights for the interactionbetween sediment gravity flows and bottom currentsZHANG Jiajia1,2WU S
6、henghe1,2WANG uifeng3WANG Min3CHEN Mei1,2WANG Xiaofeng4XU Qingyan3XIONG Qicong1,2YU Jitao1,2WANG Li31 College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,China2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum esources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing 102249,C
7、hina古地理学报2023 年 2 月3 esearch Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China4 CNODC Mozambique Ltd,Company,Beijing 100034,ChinaAbstractBottom currents are common phenomenon in the deepwater setting of continental margins,which have important impacts on the deepwate
8、r sedimentary process and sandstone distribution Extensivestudies have been focused on the mechanisms and sedimentary products of gravity flow-bottom current inter-action,but it remains much unknown regarding the submarine-fan reservoir architecture model modified bybottom currents The ovuma Basin o
9、ffshore East Africa is a typical region to study the interaction betweensediment gravity flows and bottom currents Taking the representative submarine channel systems from theLower Eocene as an example,this paper characterizes the reservoir architecture by integrating cores,welllogs and 3D seismic d
10、ata,with an aim to establish the submarine channel architecture model under inter-action of sediment gravity flows with bottom currents esults show that the target channel system developedthree types of architectural elements,channel,overbank,and lobe,where channel deposits containchannel complexes,
11、individual channels,and other smaller hierarchical units Fine-grained materialscould be transported by bottom currents forming asymmetrical distribution of overbanks deposits Thisforced channel complexes to migrate laterally against bottom currents,with shale barriers easily preservedIndividual chan
12、nels show downstream migration or lateral migration against bottom currents In downstreammigration,channels incised each other forming good sand connectivity,while indined shale baffles maydevelop in lateral migration As influenced by sediment gravity flows,individual channel-fills evolved frommixed
13、 sand-shale to sand-prone channels,and in the mapview sandbodies are mostly distributed in theaxis of channel bendsKey wordsovuma Basin,submarine fan,channel system,reservoir architecture,gravity flow,bottom currentAbout the first authorZHANG Jiajia,born in 1990,is a lecturer at College of Geoscienc
14、es,China University of Petroleum(Beijing)He is mainly engaged in the study of mechanism and character-ization of oilfield reservoir heterogeneity E-mail:zhangjiajia0103cupeducn深水重力流与底流交互作用是当今世界深水沉积研究的热点领域。在深水陆坡背景下不仅发育顺陆坡向下搬运的沉积物重力流,还可存在平行陆坡搬运的底流,两者方向近于垂直,且相互作用过程复杂,可对海底扇沉积特征产生重要影响。前人在中国南海等地的深水陆坡环境下发现
15、了特殊的顺底流方向单向迁移的水道沉积,这被认为是重力流底流交互作用形成的沉积产物(Gong et al,2013,2018;李华等,2014)。然而,来自东非陆架边缘的最新研究证实,深水单向迁移水道主要表现为逆底流方向侧向迁移(Palermo et al,2014;陈宇航等,2016;Chenet al,2020;Fonnesuet al,2020),这也引发了学术界关于重力流底流交互作用机理的深入探讨。例如,近年来国外学者通过水槽沉积模拟实验、深海底流监测等手段研究了重力流底流交互作用的沉积产物与形成机理(Fu-hrmann et al,2020;Miramontes et al,2020)
16、,深化了该领域的研究认识。然而,现有研究更多关注了重力流底流交互作用控制下的海底扇水道宏观沉积模式及其砂体分布特征,而关于底流对不同级次水道构型叠置样式的差异影响研究较少,因而限制了重力流底流交互作用过程的理论认知。另一方面,开展多级次的海底扇沉积构型模式研究对于分析砂体连通性及指导深水油气勘探开发同样具有重要的实际意义。近年来,在东非鲁伍马盆地深水区陆续发现了多个大型的海底扇气田(孔祥宇,2013;曹全斌等,2018;张光亚等,2018;王敏等,2022),引起了学术界与工业界的广泛关注。鲁伍马盆地的海底扇沉积受底流的改造作用较为明显,发育特殊的461第 25 卷第 1 期张佳佳等:东非鲁伍马盆地深水 X 气藏海底扇储层构型研究:重力流底流交互作用的指示意义沉 积 模 式(陈 宇 航 等,2016;Fonnesu et al,2020),对深入认识重力流底流交互作用过程具有重要的指示意义。选取鲁伍马盆地具有代表性的始新统 X 气藏为研究对象,综合研究区丰富的岩心、测井及三维地震资料开展海底扇储层构型精细表征,以期阐明目标气藏内部的砂体连通特征,并建立重力流底流交互作用控制的海底扇沉积