1、书书书第 25 卷第 1 期2023 年2 月古地理学报JOUNAL OF PALAEOGEOGAPHY(Chinese Edition)Vol.25No.1Feb 2023文章编号:16711505(2023)01004313DOI:107605/gdlxb202301003重庆綦江观音桥剖面观音桥层的岩性新认识*时志强1,2彭深远1,2赵安坤3葛禹1李昌昊1,21 成都理工大学沉积地质研究院,四川成都 6100592 成都理工大学油气藏地质及开发工程国家重点实验室,四川成都 6100593 中国地质调查局成都地质调查中心,四川成都 610081摘要重庆綦江观音桥剖面是上奥陶统观音桥层(组)
2、的建层(组)剖面。该剖面上奥陶统和下志留统地层连续,在前人研究中被广泛提及。观音桥层是奥陶系顶部层位,含较多特征明显的赫南特贝化石,可能反映了赫南特冰期海平面下降。在前人相关文献中均提及观音桥剖面观音桥层的岩性为灰岩,但本次研究发现,对观音桥层岩石滴稀盐酸时一般起泡较微弱,显微薄片、扫描电镜、阴极发光测试均显示观音桥层白云石含量通常大于 50%,呈微晶粉晶结构,自形晶半自形晶,方解石含量常小于 15%,因此所观察到的观音桥剖面观音桥层的岩性是(灰质)白云岩。进一步分析表明:在阴极发光下白云石不发光,方解石呈现较强的红色光;扫描电镜测试显示白云石多为含铁白云石;显微薄片显示白云岩中少量白云石发生
3、去云化作用,被方解石交代;碳、氧同位素测试显示白云石碳同位素较腕足类化石及方解石脉偏负,腕足类化石碳、氧同位素与同期海水不一致。上述分析表明观音桥层碳酸盐岩经历了较强的成岩作用影响,推测观音桥层白云石化主要发生于成岩期。这一认识与 80 多年来关于綦江观音桥剖面观音桥层岩性的认识不一致,对白云岩的识别有助于更深刻认识奥陶纪志留纪界限地质事件及环境变化。关键词上奥陶统观音桥层白云岩赫南特冰期第一作者简介时志强,男,1972 年生,教授,主要从事沉积学研究。E-mail:。中图分类号:P588.24+5文献标志码:A*四川省科技计划项目(编号:2021YJ0353)和国家自然科学基金项目(编号:4
4、1272131)联合资助。Co-funded by Science and Tect-nology Planning Project,Sichuan Province(No.2021YJ0353)and the National Natural Science Fundation of China(No.41272131)收稿日期:20220219改回日期:20220818New lithological cognition of Guanyinqiao bed at Guanyinqiao sectionin Qijiang area,Chongqing,Southwest ChinaSHI
5、 Zhiqiang1,2PENG Shenyuan1,2ZHAO Ankun3GE Yu1LI Changhao1,21 Institute of Sedimentary Geology,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China2 State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas eservoir Geology and Exploitation,Chengdu University of Technology,Chengdu 610059,China3 Chengdu Geological Survey
6、Center,China Geological Survey,Chengdu 610081,ChinaAbstractThe Upper Ordovician Guanyinqiao bed was established based on the Guanyinqiao sectionlocated in Qijiang area,Chongqing In this section,the successive sequence of the Upper Ordovician andLower Silurian was well developed and widely studied Th
7、e Guanyinqiao bed belongs to the uppermost part ofthe Ordovician strata,with plenty of typical Hirnantia fossils developed,reflecting the decline of sea levelin the Hirnantian glaciation Previous studies believed that the lithology of Guanyinqiao bed is limestone古地理学报2023 年 2 月However,the faint bubb
8、les occur after dripping the diluted hydrochloric acid on rocks Thin sections,scan-ning electron microscope(SEM),and cathode luminescence tests show that the content of dolomite in theGuanyinqiao bed is larger than 50%,while the content of calcite is less than 15%The dolomite shows themicrocrystalli
9、ne-powder crystal structure,euhedral to subhedral crystal Therefore,the lithology of Guanyin-qiao bed should be revised to lime dolostone The dolomite is nonluminous under cathode luminescence,andcalcite presents the strong red light Most of the dolomite should be ferruginous dolomite according to t
10、heSEM tests The observation of thin sections reveals that dedolomitization occurs for some dolomites,indica-ting that these dolomites were replaced by calcites The carbon isotopes in dolomites have the larger negativeanomaly compared with that of brachiopod fossils and calcite veins Furthermore,the
11、carbon and oxygen iso-tope in the brachiopod fossils is inconsistent with the sea during the same period The above studies impliedthat strong dolomitization occurred for the carbonates of Guanyinqiao bed during the diagenetic stage The re-sults from this paper is inconsistent with the previous studi
12、es on the lithology of Guanyinqiao bed in Qijiangarea The identification of dolomite is helpful in understanding the evolution of environment and geologicalevents during the transition interval between the Ordovician and SilurianKey wordsUpper Ordovician,Guanyinqiao bed,dolostone,Hirnantian glaciati
13、onAbout the first authorSHI Zhiqiang,born in 1972,professor,is mainly engaged in research onsedimentology E-mail:奥陶系与志留系过渡地层中蕴含着冰川急剧融化、生物集群灭绝、频繁火山作用及沉积环境转折等重大地质事件的丰富信息,从而被地质工作者广泛关注。在上扬子地区,上奥陶统五峰组和上覆龙马溪组之间往往夹 1 层厚度不大(0.21m)的含介壳碳酸盐岩,这套介壳碳酸盐岩被称为观音桥层,是沉积于奥陶纪末期(赫南特冰期)的冷水碳酸盐岩(Chen,1984;戎嘉余,1984;戎嘉余和陈旭,198
14、7;He et al,2007;Zhan et al,2010),所含“赫南特贝动物群”的多样性在全球范围内是最高的(戎嘉余,1979;ong et al,2002)。虽然观音桥层厚度不大,但分布广泛,岩性和所含化石与上下地层区别明显,易于识别,因此在地表露头和井下地层划分与对比中往往以观音桥层作为重要的标志层(张琳娜等,2016)。观音桥层的出现和结束,代表着华南奥陶纪末重要的古地理、古环境变迁,且与同期的生物灭绝和更替事件紧密相关,反映着奥陶纪末期重大生物事件的区域环境背景(张琳娜等,2016)。尹伯传(1988)在论文中提及张鸣韶和盛莘夫于 1940 年在綦江观音桥(本次研究剖面)五峰组
15、顶部发现 1 层厚数十厘米的“壳相灰岩”并命名为观音桥组。穆恩之(1954)对扬子地区五峰组进行了详细的论述,之后奥陶系的顶界多被置于五峰组的顶部(覃嘉铭等,1987)。卢衍豪(1959)将五峰组顶部壳相层命名为观音桥层,文献中关于观音桥层的称谓还有观音桥段。经过数十年的研究,在观音桥层的化石系统古生物学、地层学、地球化学和古地理学等方面已取得一系列成果,积累了丰富的数据资料(张琳娜等,2016),但关于其岩石学和矿物学的研究相对较少。自 1940 年以来,前人众多的论著多将扬子地区观音桥层(或段、组)的岩性认定为灰岩,但根据笔者近年来的研究,在四川盆地东南缘(部),观音桥层(含赫南特贝化石)
16、或疑似观音桥层(未见可资鉴定的腕足类及笔石化石,依据岩性及产出位置推测)的碳酸盐岩在露头剖面和钻井中常见白云岩,如在石柱漆辽(Hu et al,2022)、武隆浩口、道真平胜等剖面和丁页 4 井岩心(位置见图 1A)中可见。本次研究显示綦江观音桥剖面含赫南特贝化石的观音桥层的岩性同样以白云岩为主,这一认识与 80 多年来关于綦江观音桥剖面观音桥层岩性的认识不一致,而且白云岩的识别可能有助于更深刻认识奥陶纪志留纪之交地质事件及环境变化。此外,作为一种特殊类型的白云岩,夹于黑色页岩中的富有机质白云岩被研究较少,可能会提供新类型白云石化的信息。再者,鉴于五峰组龙马溪组是四川盆地页岩气主力产层,厘清其中的碳酸盐岩夹层的性质,对页岩气勘探与开发亦有实际意义。44第 25 卷第 1 期时志强等:重庆綦江观音桥剖面观音桥层的岩性新认识 四川省地质局 1977.1 20 万綦江幅区域地质调查报告 贵州省地质局 1977.1 20 万桐梓幅区域地质调查报告1地质背景文中所述川东南地区为包括南川、綦江及黔北地区的四川盆地东南部及东南缘地区。该地区发育完整而连续的从震旦系到侏罗系的沉积地层,其中奥陶系志留系