1、第 32 卷第 2 期Vol.32,No.2140-1472023 年 2 月草业学报ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA彭超,李自健,王虎成,等.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区放牧补饲和舍饲肉羊的屠宰与肉质性能比较研究.草业学报,2023,32(2):140147.PENG Chao,LI Zi-jian,WANG Hu-cheng,et al.A comparative study of slaughter and meat quality for sheep fed indoors or grazed with supplementaryfeed in the hill and gul
2、ly region of the Loess Plateau.Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2023,32(2):140147.黄土高原丘陵沟壑区放牧补饲和舍饲肉羊的屠宰与肉质性能比较研究彭超1*,李自健1*,王虎成1*,冯强2,沈禹颖1(1.兰州大学草地农业教育部工程研究中心,农业农村部草牧业创新重点实验室,草地农业科技学院,甘肃 兰州 730020;2.定西市安定区畜牧兽医局,甘肃 定西 743099)摘要:栽培草地生产系统肉羊舍饲生产利弊共存。本研究通过对比舍饲与放牧补饲条件下的肉羊屠宰及肉质性能,旨在探究肉羊优质高效生产的模式。选取 80只体况相当的 6月龄育肥小
3、尾寒羊,随机分为两组(全舍饲组和放牧补饲组),每组 40 只。其中舍饲组(HF)于圈舍内以全混合颗粒饲料饲喂,剩料 10%的方式进行饲养。放牧补饲组(GS)白天于红豆草草地进行放牧,夜晚归牧后于圈舍进行补饲,补饲饲料与舍饲组相同。在 90 d育肥试验结束后,从每个试验组选取 6只接近该组平均体重的试验羊用于屠宰试验。研究发现不同饲养方式下,小尾寒羊的宰前活重、胴体重和滴水损失率均无显著差异(P0.05)。GS 组背最长肌肌纤维直径和肌纤维面积均极显著高于 HF 组(P0.05)。GS组-亚麻酸(C18:3n-6)含量高于 HF 组(P0.05)。HF 组小尾寒羊背最长肌中缬氨酸含量低于 GS组
4、(P0.05)。由此可见,相较于全舍饲,放牧补饲可提升小尾寒羊肉营养品质,农区放牧补饲绵羊生产兼具生态与经济效益,应进行推广。关键词:放牧补饲;小尾寒羊;屠宰性能;肉质A comparative study of slaughter and meat quality for sheep fed indoors or grazedwith supplementary feed in the hill and gully region of the Loess PlateauPENG Chao1*,LI Zi-jian1*,WANG Hu-cheng1*,FENG Qiang2,SHEN Yu-y
5、ing11.State Key Laboratory of Engineering Research Center of Grassland Industry,Ministry of Education,Key Laboratory of GrasslandLivestock Industry Innovation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730020,China;2.An
6、imal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau of Anding District,Dingxi 743099,ChinaAbstract:Cultivated grassland production systems have both advantages and disadvantages.This study comparedthe slaughter and meat quality performance of mutton sheep either fed indoors or grazed with supplementary feedingwith
7、 the aim of identifying a system for the efficient production of high-quality sheep meat.Eighty small-tailed Hanlambs aged from 6 months and in similar body condition were selected and randomly divided into two groups of 40(an indoor feeding group and a group for grazing with supplementary feeding).
8、The House-fed(HF)group wasDOI:10.11686/cyxb2022046http:/收稿日期:2022-01-24;改回日期:2022-03-03基金项目:国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)和定西市安定区草地农业试验示范区建设(GCLM2017)资助。作者简介:彭超(1996-),男,河南商城人,在读硕士。E-mail:;李自健(1999-),男,甘肃嘉峪关人,在读硕士。E-mail:.*共同第一作者 These authors contributed equally to this work.通信作者 Corresponding author.E-mail
9、:第 32 卷第 2 期草业学报 2023 年provided ad libitum access to a total mixed ration feed.Feed supply for the HF sheep was such that 10%of the feedwas left over.The grazing group with supplementary feeding(GS)were grazed in a sainfoin(Onobrychis viciifolia)stand during the day,and then penned at night with sup
10、plementary feed provided in the pen.The supplementary feedwas the same as that provided to the HF sheep.After 90-days differential feeding,6 sheep closest to the averageweight of the group from both HF and GS groups were slaughtered.The study found that the small-tailed Han sheeppre-slaughter live w
11、eight,carcass weight and drip loss rate did not differ significantly between the HF and GS feedingregimes(P0.05).The muscle fiber diameter and muscle fiber area of the longissimus dorsi muscle of the GSgroup were significantly greater than those of the HF group(P0.05).The content of linolenic acid(C
12、18:3n-6)in the GS group was higher than that in the HFgroup(P0.05).The content of valine in the longissimus dorsi sheep from the HF group was lower than that in theGS group(P0.05).Insummary,compared to HF feeding,the GS treatment had no effect on the slaughter performance and meat quality ofthe tria
13、lled small-tailed Han sheep,and some indicators were improved.Grazing of sheep with supplementaryfeeding sheep production in agricultural areas has both ecological and economic benefits and should be promoted.Key words:grazing supplementary feeding;small-tailed Han sheep;slaughter performance;meat q
14、uality近百年来,黄土高原地区因气候变化1及人为原因2,水土流失严重,这对当地环境及经济发展都具有极其消极的影响。自建国以来,政府投入大量资金与人力物力采用多种方式对黄土高原地区水土流失问题进行治理3-4,其中退耕还林(草)工程对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区环境改善有积极影响5,但同时也会影响当地农民收入6。正因如此,当地政府为将人工栽培牧草的退耕草地加以利用,提高农民收入,鼓励“农改牧”,支持畜牧业发展。然而,当地在草食家畜养殖过程中存在的割草难、成本高,草地利用不充分,舍饲养殖环境不友好等问题亟待解决。而国内外众多研究显示栽培草地的利用方式对草地及家畜生产性能有较大影响。如有研究表明,模拟轮牧对
15、栽培草地产草量有积极的影响,显著提高了牧草营养成分7。肖祥铭等8发现在栽培草地中,放牧和刈割两种利用方式相比,放牧显著提高了牧草的相对饲用价值。总的来说,放牧补饲较单纯的舍饲饲养能够大幅度提高草地利用率。而赵新钢等9研究发现滩羊于荒漠草原上放牧补饲比舍饲更能保留其肌肉脂肪酸。也有试验发现苏尼特羊放牧补饲组多不饱和脂肪酸含量显著高于舍饲组,单不饱和脂肪含量也有所提高10。综上,探索黄土高原丘陵沟壑区栽培草地更为合理的利用方式显得尤为必要,为此本试验基于研究区生产实际,对比研究传统舍饲育肥模式和红豆草茬地放牧补饲肉羊的屠宰与肉质性能指标,为该区域肉羊安全高效生产的较优模式提供科技支撑。1材料与方法
16、1.1试验地点本研究动物饲养与屠宰试验于甘肃省定西市安定区内官营镇崖湾村鸿壮农牧有限公司进行。1.2试验设计本研究开始于 2018年 8月,结束于 2018年 11月,共进行 90 d。试验将 80只体况相当的 6月龄小尾寒羊随机分为两组,每组 40只,随后将两组试验羊分别转移到两个不同的圈舍中。其中试验组以放牧+补饲的方式饲养管理(GF),对照组以全舍饲的方式饲养管理(HF)。在 90 d育肥试验结束后,从每个组选取 6只接近该组平均体重的试验羊进行屠宰试验。1.3饲养管理1.3.1舍饲组试验羊饲喂管理沿用研究区传统饲喂管理模式,即饲喂配合饲料,每日饲喂两次,饲喂量以每天剩余 10%饲料为标准,饲喂期间保证饮水充足。另外在食槽内放置舔砖,用以补充所需的盐分和微量元素等。141Vol.32,No.2ACTA PRATACULTURAE SINICA(2023)舍饲组日采食量为 900 g 只-1d-1。精料由 45%玉米、10%豆粕、25%草粉、20%棉粕组成。其营养成分为:16.3%粗蛋白、34.9%粗纤维、14%粗灰分、0.9%钙、0.2%磷、1.4%饲用食盐。1.3.2放牧补饲组