1、 44汤杰,等.骨质疏松山羊椎体骨水泥强化后对其相邻椎体生物力学的影响骨质疏松山羊椎体骨水泥强化后对其相邻椎体生物力学的影响汤杰1,2,蔡海康2,徐镇2,王振卿2,周皓2,钟务学2*1.浙江中医药大学研究生院,杭州 3100532.上海市徐汇区中心医院骨科,上海 200031【摘要】目的分析骨质疏松山羊椎体强化后对椎体刚度、应变及相邻椎体上下终板应力的影响,探讨椎体强化是否为相邻椎体骨折的潜在高危因素。方法将12只骨质疏松山羊随机分为实验组和对照组,每组6只,实验组行L1椎体强化术、术中以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥强化椎体,对照组不进行手术。术后1周取2组山羊T12 L3标本行生物力学
2、测试。使用Aramis三维运动和变形测量系统获取轴向加压400 N时T13、L1、L2椎体的应变,同时获得T13、L1、L2椎体的相对位移,通过载荷-位移曲线获得T13、L1、L2椎体的刚度。设定实验载荷为轴向400 N,分别检测T13下终板及L2上终板所受的应力。结果实验组L1应变比对照组降低、刚度比对照组增加,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05)。实验组T13和L2应变比对照组增加,T13下终板及L2上终板应力比对照组增加,差异均有统计学意义(P 0.05);实验组T13下终板应力较L2上终板大,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05)。结论骨质疏松山羊椎体使用骨水泥强化后其相邻椎体的生物力学发生改
3、变,是术后相邻椎体骨折的潜在高危因素。【关键词】骨质疏松;骨黏合剂;甲基丙烯酸甲酯类;生物力学;山羊【中图分类号】R 681.4【文献标志码】A【文章编号】1672-2957(2023)01-0044-06【DOI】10.3969/j.issn.1672-2957.2023.01.008Biomechanical effects of cement-augmented vertebral body on its adjacent vertebral bodies in osteoporosis goat modelTang Jie1,2,Cai Haikang2,Xu Zhen2,Wang Z
4、henqing2,Zhou Hao2,Zhong Wuxue2*1.Department of Graduate School,Zhejiang Chinese Medical University,Hangzhou 310053,Zhejiang,China2.Department of Orthopaedics,Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital,Shanghai 200031,China【Abstract】ObjectiveTo analyze the influence of vertebral augmentation on the vertebral s
5、tiffness and strain,and stress of the upper and lower endplates of adjacent vertebrae in osteoporotic goats for exploring whether vertebral augmentation is a potential risk factor for adjacent vertebral fracture.MethodsThe 12 osteoporotic goats were randomly divided into experimental group and contr
6、ol group,with 6 goats in each group.The experimental group received L1 vertebroplasty,and the vertebral body was strengthened with polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)bone cement during the operation,while the control group did not receive surgery.A biomechanical test was performed on the T12-L3 segments f
7、or both groups 1 week after operation.The Aramis three-dimensional motion and deformation measurement system were used to obtain the strain of T13,L1 and L2 vertebrae under axial compression of 400 N,and the relative displacement of T13,L1 and L2 vertebrae was obtained at the same time.The stiffness
8、 of T13,L1 and L2 vertebrae was obtained through the load-displacement curve.With the augmentation load of 400 N in the axial direction,the stress on the T13 lower endplate and the L2 upper endplate was measured.ResultsThe L1 strain in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group,
9、and the stiffness was higher than that in the control group,with a statistically significant differences(P 0.05).The strain of T13 and L2 in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group,and the stress of T13 lower endplate and L2 upper endplate was higher than that in the control
10、 group,and the differences were statistically significant(P 0.05).The stress of T13 lower endplate was greater than that of L2 upper 基础研究共同第一作者(Co-first author)*通信作者(Corresponding author)基金项目上海市徐汇区医学科研项目(SHXH202007)作者简介汤杰(1972),学士,副主任医师;T蔡海康(1974),硕士,主任医师;通信作者钟务学 45脊柱外科杂志,2023年2月,第21卷第1期 J Spinal Su
11、rg,February 2023,Vol.21,No.1endplate in the experimental group,and the difference was statistically significant(P 0.05).ConclusionAfter vertebral augmentation with bone cement in the osteoporotic goats,the biomechanics of the adjacent vertebrae would be changed,which is a potential high-risk factor
12、for the postoperative adjacent vertebral fracture.【Key Words】Osteoporosis;Bone cements;Methylmethacrylates;Biomechanic;GoatsJ Spinal Surg,2023,21(1):44-49骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(OVCF)是骨质疏松症最常见的并发症。据报道,全世界50岁以上人群OVCF的发生率为11%50%1,我国65岁以上的老年人群中约有15.7%的男性和34.5%的女性受到OVCF的困扰2。目前临床上最常用的治疗OVCF方法为经皮椎体强化术,使用最多的填充材料为聚甲基丙
13、烯酸甲酯(PMMA)骨水泥。随着经皮椎体强化术的广泛应用,其术后并发症也逐步引起重视,其中相邻椎体新发骨折是一个热点问题。临床上常出现“骨折-强化-再骨折-再强化”的恶性循环,不仅给患者身心健康带来极大伤害,同时也极大地困扰了脊柱外科医师。目前,已有多项研究3-5探讨了经皮椎体强化术后继发相邻椎体压缩性骨折的危险因素,包括患者的基础情况、手术方式、骨水泥的材料学特性及分布模式、脊柱矢状位失衡、初始伤椎的节段与数量、骨折的压缩程度、邻近椎间盘是否发生退行性变等,但尚不能确定相邻椎体新发骨折与经皮椎体强化术本身是否存在必然联系,经皮椎体强化术是否会导致邻近节段应力集中、增加相邻椎体骨折的发生率仍然
14、存在较大的争议。学者们6-9采用三维有限元模型、人类尸体标本模型、动物脊椎椎体体外脱钙模型等探讨了经皮椎体强化术后相邻椎体的生物力学变化,但所得结论并不一致,甚至完全相反。本研究通过建立雌性山羊骨质疏松模型模拟人类女性绝经后骨质疏松症,测量山羊椎体强化后相邻椎体的生物力学变化,初步探讨椎体强化术本身是否为相邻椎体骨折的潜在危险因素。1 材料与方法1.1 实验动物健康雌性崇明山羊12只 上海交大农生实验实习场有限公司,动物生产许可证号SCXK(沪)2022-005,年龄为(3.00.5)岁,体质量为(22.692.25)kg,通过医院实验动物伦理委员会审查并排除传染病史、手术史、药物服用史后纳入
15、本研究。1.2 骨质疏松模型的建立山羊经丙泊酚辅以气管插管麻醉,呈仰卧位,四肢固定。在耻骨联合近端做腹正中切口,分离腹肌至腹白线。切开腹白线进入腹腔,找到膀胱及其深部的子宫,将膀胱推向远侧,并将子宫脱出腹腔。沿子宫角寻找到双侧卵巢,游离卵巢并结扎输卵管,切断卵巢固有韧带,取出卵巢(图1a),回纳子宫后依次缝合。术后4周起予以甲泼尼龙琥珀酸钠5 mg/kg肌内注射,每周3次(周一、周三、周五),术后6个月停止注射10。术前及术后6个月分别应用双能X线骨密度仪测量山羊T13 L2椎体骨密度,术前T13 L2椎体平均骨密度为(0.8970.091)g/mm3,术后6个月为(0.6580.073)g/
16、mm3,术后6个月骨密度与术前相比降低(26.62.3)%,差异有统计学意义(P 0.05),表明山羊骨质疏松模型构建成功。1.3 椎体强化术将12只骨质疏松山羊随机分为对照组和实验组,每组6只。对照组不进行手术,实验组行L1椎体强化术。手术步骤:山羊经丙泊酚辅以气管插管麻醉,取俯卧位,四肢固定。用克氏针体外定位L1椎弓根平面并做标记,在背部标记处做长约3 cm正中切口,依次切开皮肤和皮下组织,剥离并推开椎旁肌,显露L1棘突、椎板及关节突关节;在直视下沿双侧关节突外下方经椎弓根置入带导针套筒,经C形臂X线机正侧位透视确认导针位置满意后,调制PMMA骨水泥(Eurofix VTP,产品型号884108,液体成分10 mL,粉体成分25 g)并沿套筒缓慢推注,每侧各注入1 mL,推注完毕后拔出套筒,逐层缝合。推注骨水泥时采用C形臂X线机透视,观察有无骨水泥渗漏。1.4 生物力学测试术后1周处死所有山羊,取T12 L3节段,仅保留椎体和椎间盘组织,用细砂纸打磨椎体表面。通过X线片观察骨水泥分布情况。标本冷冻保存,生物力学测试前室温下自然解冻。标本首先进行散斑喷射(图1b),待喷漆完全干燥后将