1、天道酬勤虚拟语气练习题及答案篇一：虚拟语气讲解及练习题(含答案和解释)虚拟语气讲解与练习黄志刚2023.10.一. 简介虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特别方式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气在什么情况下用虚拟语气在表示虚伪的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，表示主观愿望或表示某种强烈情感时，也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于本人的主观方法，而不是按照客观实际，就用虚拟语气。二. 虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法1、真实条件状语从句与非真实条件
2、状语从句真：eg . If he doesnt hurry up, he will miss the bus. 假设他不快点，他将错过巴士。( 真实条件状语)（不是虚拟语气）If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 假设他是空闲的，他会要求我讲故事。（真实条件状语）（不是虚拟语气）非真：eg. If I were you, I would go at once.假设我是你，我立即就会去。 （非真实条件状语从句）If there were no air, people would die. 假设没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）2、用
3、法及动词方式1、表示与如今事实相反的情况，例1.If I were you, I would take an umbrella.假设我是你，我会带把伞。（事实：我不可能是你）2.If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 假设我明白他的号码，我就会告诉你。（事实：不明白）3.If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 假设没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)4.If I had any money wi
4、th me, I could lend you some. 假设我带钱了，我就会借给你些。（事实：没带钱）5.If he studied harder, he might pass the exam.假设他再努力些，就能通过了。（事实：没有努力2、表示与过去事实相反的情况例：1. If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. 假设我早到那儿，我就会见到她。（事实：去晚了）2.If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 假设他听我的劝告的话，
5、就不会犯如此的错误了。（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示对今后情况的主观揣测 例： 1.If he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 假设他哪天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。 （事实：来的可能性特别小）2.If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 假设下周日下大雪，我们就不能去滑冰了。（事实：不知能否下雪）3.If she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the ma
6、tter. 假设她下周一来这儿的话，我就会告诉她这件事的始末。在表示建议、命令、要求等含义的宾语从句，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，should动词原形构成，should 可省略。4、 有时，主句和条件状语从句的谓语动作假设不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的方式应作相应的调整。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与如今或如今正在发生的事实不符。如： If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 假设我在学习刻苦的话，我如今也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come her
7、e now. 假设他们通知过我们的话，我们如今就不会来这里了，从句的动作与如今事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 假设他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他确信会去征询候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与如今正在发生的情况相反。如： If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be gro
8、wing much better. 假设天不下太多的雨的话，庄稼会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他不断努力工作的话，他如今已进了办公室了。5、 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had时，if能够省略，这时条件从句要用倒装语序，立即were, should, had等词置于句首，这种多用于书面语。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他容许去的话，我们就派他去。Were she
9、here, she would agree with us. 假设她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 假设她明白一些知识的话，我们已经聘用他来这里工作了。6、非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做委婉条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without., but for.等 But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的协助，我们还会在工作呢。
10、Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会获得如此大的进步。We didnt know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. 我们不明白他的号码，否那么我们就会给他打。7、 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句能够省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam.
11、你应该能通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我如今在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。、虚拟语气（Subjunctive Mood)的其他用法1、虚拟语气用在wish 后的宾语从句a、表示与如今事实相反的愿望，谓语动词用过去式eg. I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你)b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had+done(动词过去分词）eg:.I wish I had known the truth of the matter.我希望我原来明白
12、这件事的真相。（事实：原来不明白）c、表示今后难以实现的愿望谓语动词：should/would + 动词原形eg. I wish I should have a chance again.我希望我还能有一次如此的时机。（事实：特别难再有如此的时机了）(注：if only和as if/as though也有一样用法）2、虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中1.在for fear that, in case, lest引导的，假设用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。同时 should不能省略 She examined the door again for fearthat a thief
13、should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他特别早就出发了以防迟到。2、在so that, in order that所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更明晰。He read the letter carefu
14、lly in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得特别细心以便不漏掉一个单词。3、虚拟语气的其他用法1、一坚持(insist)二命令(order. command)三建议(advice. suggest. propose)四要求(demand. require. request. desire.)中，不管主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形或只用“动词原形。如 He suggested that we (should) take the teachers adviceHe insisted that we (
15、should) take the teachers adviceHe demand that we (should) take the teachers adviceHe ordered that we (should) take the teachers advice注：insist假设翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。如：He insist he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生。这个语句表示的是事实，因而在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气。suggest意为“建议才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示那么不用虚拟语气。如： His face suggests th
16、at he looks worried .他的表情暗含着他特别担忧。这个句子本身是事实，因而它就没有用到虚拟语气。表情绪.观点的描绘词或名词也要用虚拟语气.如:necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising.funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。句型：It is.that 构造后的主语从句，从句的谓语动词都要用 should+原型 或只用动词原型。 2、 在even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的构造与if所引导的条件从句构造一样。如： Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即便他亲身来也不知该如何办。Nobody could save him even tho
