1、陕产珠子参地上局部挥发油的GC-MS分析郭敏 徐虹 姜祎【摘 要】 目的:研究陜产珠子参地上局部的挥发油组成;方法:利用水蒸气蒸馏法提取陕产珠子参地上局部的挥发油,采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪 (GC-MS) 分析挥发油中的化学成分;结果:三个产地的珠子参地上局部挥发油中共鉴别化学成分20个。凤县产珠子参地上局部挥发油含量约为0.20%,鉴定11种成分,主要成分为植酮(30.92%)、1,1,7- trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropaeazulen-7-ol(19.59%)、-芹子烯(15.82%)、5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-
2、dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro2,5-methanobenzoboxepine-10,2-oxiran-3-ol(6.33%)、2-(Z)-十八碳-9-烯氧基乙醇(6.12%);眉县产珠子参地上局部挥发油含量约为0.22%,鉴定9种成分,主要成分为植酮(26.03%)、叶绿醇(19.50%)、-芹子烯(13.57%)、1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropaeazulen-7-ol(11.51%)、natural verticillol(9.88%);太白县产珠子参地上局部挥发油含量
3、约为0.20%,鉴定10种成分,主要成分为植酮(37.68%)、-himachalene(26.56%)、T-杜松醇(8.29%)、1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene(6.22%), 1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropaeazulen-7-ol(4.90%)。其中:5-(8,11-dihydroxy-10a,12a-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H-naphtho1,2-hchromen-1-yran-2-one(2.24%)、5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-
4、2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro2,5-methanobenzoboxepine-10,2-oxiran-3-ol(6.33%)、-愈创木烯(4.69%)、7,7,8,8-tetramethyloctahydro-2,3b-methanocyclopena1,3cyclopropa1,2benzene-4-ol(5.51%)、虾青素(2.35%)、2-(Z)-十八碳-9-烯氧基乙醇(6.12%)为凤县产珠子参的地上局部挥发油中的特有成分,natural verticillol(9.88%)、(2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-8a-acetoxy-3a,6b-d
5、ihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,5,7-tetramethyl-4-oxo-1,1a,1b,3a,4,6a,6b,7,8,8a-decahydrocyclopentaacyclopropafnaphthalen-8-yl tetradeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoate(3.09%)、叶绿醇(19.50%)为眉县产珠子参地上局部挥发油中的特有成分,石竹素(3.58%)、视黄醛(3.54%)、-himachalene(26.56%)、T-杜松醇(8.29%)、3-Aethyl-5-androstanol-(3)-on-(17) (1.32%)为太白县
6、产珠子参地上局部挥发油中的特有成分。结论:陕产珠子参地上局部挥发油含量均较低,三个产地的挥发油种类存在差异,且各地挥发油中均含有其特有成分,本研究为珠子参地上局部进一步开发研究提供参考。【关键词】 珠子参地上局部;挥发油;GC-MS;水蒸气蒸馏【中图分类号】R284.1 【文献标志码】 A 【文章编号】1007-8517(2022)13-0020-06Abstract:Objective Study on the components of essential oil extracted from the aboveground part of Panax japonicus from Sha
7、anxi Province. Methods the essential oil was extracted by steam distillation,and the chemical constituents were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Results 20 components were identified from the aboveground parts of Panax japonicus from 3 producing areas. The content of volat
8、ile oil in aboveground parts of Panax japonicus from Feng County is about 0.20%. Eleven components have been identified, the main of which are Phytone(30.92%), 1,1,7- trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropaeazulen-7-ol(15.59%), -Selinene(15.82%), 5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9
9、a-octahydrospiro2,5-methanobenzoboxepine-10,2-oxiran-3-ol(6.33%), (Z)-2-(9-octadecenyloxy)ethanol(6.12%); The content of essential oil in the aboveground part of Panax japonicus in Mei County was about 0.22%, Nine components were identified.The main components were Phytone(26.03%), 3,7,11,15-tetrame
10、thyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol(19.50%), -Selinene(13.57%), 1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropaeazule-7-ol(11.51%), natural verticillol(9.88%);The content of essential oil in the aboveground part of Panax japonicu in Taibai County was about 0.20%. Ten components were identified. The main compon
11、ents were Phytone(37.68%), -himachalene(26.56%), (1R,4S,4aR,8aR)-4-isopropyl-1,6-dimethyl-1,2,3,4,4a,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-ol(8.29%), 1-hydroxy-1,2-dihydrolycopene(6.22%), 1,1,7-trimethyl-4-methylenedecahydro-1H-cyclopropaeazulen-7-ol(4.90%). 5-(8,11-dihydroxy-10a,12a-dimethylhexadecahydro-1H
12、-naphtho1,2-hchromen-1-yran-2-one(2.24%), 5a-(hydroxymethyl)-5,7-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,5a,6,7,9a-octahydrospiro2,5-methanobenzoboxepine-10,2-oxiran-3-ol(6.33%), - guaiacene (4.69%), 7,7,8,8-tetramethyloctahydro-2,3b-methanocyclopena1,3cyclopropa1,2benzene-4-ol(5.51%), astaxanthin (2.35%), 2-(Z)-octadecyl
13、-9-enoxy ethanol (6.12%) are the unique components in the volatile oil of the aboveground part of Panax japonicaproduced in Feng county, natural verticillol(9.88%), (2E,4E,6E,8E,10E)-8a-acetoxy-3a,6b-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,1,5,7-tetramethyl-4-oxo-1,1a,1b,3a,4,6a,6b,7,8,8a-decahydrocyclopentaa
14、cyclopropafnaphthalen-8-yl tetradeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaenoate(3.09%), chlorophyllin (19.50%) are the typical components in the volatile oil of Panax japonicaproduced in Mei County, caryophyllin (3.58%), retinaldehyde (3.54%), -himachalene(26.56%), T-juniol (8.29%), 3-Aethyl-5-androstanol-(3)-on-(17) (
15、1.32%)are the characteristic components in the volatile oil of Panax japonicaproduced in Taibai County.Conclusion the content of essential oil in the aboveground part of Panax japonicu produced in Shaanxi is low, the types of volatile oil in the three producing areas are different, and the essentia
16、oil contains its unique components in different places. This study provides a reference for the further development and research of the above ground part of Panax japonica.中药挥发油的化学成分复杂,由脂肪族、芳香族和萜类化合物等组成。小分子芳香族化合物通常具有特殊香味和显著生物活性,凤县产珠子参地上局部挥发油中特有的虾青素具有抗氧化作用11、改善动脉粥样硬化、抗炎症和抗肿瘤作用12;太白县产珠子参地上局部挥发油中特有的成分石竹素可治疗皮肤霉菌病,适用于短期治疗甲霉菌病13,同时还具有舒肝、镇痛、降压、调经、清热解毒的成效14;眉县产珠子参地上局部挥发油中特有的成分叶绿醇在调控机体糖脂代谢和脂肪细胞分化聚酯方面具有重