1、感德镇茶产业生态化发展研究摘 要作为“中国茶叶第一镇”的感德镇产茶历史悠久,茶树资源丰富,其铁观音以“质优、味美、韵浓”的特点享誉国内外。近年来,感德镇实施茶叶富农发展战略,极力促进茶叶特色经济的发展,茶叶产量和产值得到了显著的提高。但在一片繁荣的背后也隐藏着很大的危机:感德镇的茶叶种植方式粗放,资源浪费严重,水土流失状况时有发生,抗灾能力差。因此如何让茶产业可持续生态化发展,是感德人必须面对的问题。本文在对国内外茶业发展过程进行总结的基础上,结合感德镇的实际情况,提出运用生态学、生态经济学的原理和系统科学的方法,按照“整体、协调、循环、再生”的原则来促进茶产业生态化的发展。借助对全球范围内的
2、产业标准以及茶叶需求进行探析后,阐述了感德镇产业产业发展面临的挑战以及机遇;借助对感德镇的社会经济条件、自然地理环境的研究,探析感德茶叶的劣势以及优势。在此基础上提出茶业发展的生态化是感德镇茶业可持续发展的基础和出路所在。本文从土壤管理、施肥方式、茶树留高、灌溉方法及加工环境要求等多方面进行了具体阐述。最后,结合茶文化旅游这一种新兴的生态旅游方式,根据感德镇的实际情况,以旅游规划的原理和评价体系为指导,结合茶业内涵对茶文化旅游的资源和发展的内部和外部条件进行系统的分析,提出促进感德镇茶文化旅游业的发展,从而构建一个融文化、经济、以及生态为一体的立体发展格局。关键词:感德镇;茶产业;生态化;可持
3、续发展Study on the Development Mode of Ecological Tea Industry in Gande townAbstractThe tea production in the town of Gande has a long history and rich tea resources. Tea is renowned both at home and abroad for its characteristics of high quality, deliciousness and rich flavor.In recent years, the impl
4、ementation of the development strategy of tea rich peasants in Gande vigorously develops the special economy of tea, with the output of tea increasing continuously and the output value of tea continuously increasing.But behind the prosperity is also hidden a great crisis:Gande tea planting extensive
5、 way, serious waste of resources, soil erosion has occurred from time to time and the ability of disaster resistance is poor.Therefore, How to make the tea industry sustainable ecological development is a problem that the people of Gande must face.Based on the summary of the development of tea indus
6、try both at home and abroad, and combining with the actual situation of the town of Mind, this paper puts forward the principle of using ecology and ecological economics and the method of system science according to the principle of overall, coordination, recycling and regeneration to develop eco-te
7、a industry.Through the analysis of tea demand and industry standard at home and abroad, the paper analyzes the opportunities and challenges in the development of tea industry in Sens Germany. By analyzing the natural geographical conditions and socio-economic conditions of the sense of virtue, we ca
8、n judge the advantages and disadvantages of the tea industry.On this basis, it is put forward that the ecologicalization of tea industry is the basis and outlet for the sustainable development of tea industry in Gande town.This article elaborates in detail from the aspects of soil management, fertil
9、ization mode, irrigation methods and processing environment requirements.Finally, combining with the new eco-tourism way of tea culture tourism, according to the actual situation of Gande town, guided by the principle and evaluation system of tourism planning,Combining with the connotation of tea in
10、dustry, this paper systematically analyzes the internal and external conditions of the resources and development of tea culture tourism so as to systematically clarify the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of tea culture tourism in Gande town.On the basis of this, we should make
11、use of advantages, weaken disadvantages, seize opportunities and eliminate threats so as to promote the healthy development of eco-tea industry in Gande town. Build ecological, economic and cultural as one of the three-dimensional development pattern.Keywords:Gande town; tea industry; ecological;sus
12、tainable development目 录第1章 绪论11.1 研究背景11.2 研究的意义31.3 研究的目的41.4研究框架和方法41.5研究创新与不足5第2章 文献综述62.1茶产业的研究现状62.2茶产业生态化的研究现状8第3章 感德镇茶产业发展现状分析113.1 感德镇概况113.2 感德镇茶业发展概况123.3 感德镇茶产业发展存在的问题13第4章 感德镇茶产业生态化发展的SWOT分析154.1 优势154.2 劣势164.3 机遇184.4 威胁19第5章 感德镇与相关地区茶产业生态化对比分析205.1 安溪县茶产业生态化发展现状分析205.2 铜仁市茶产业生态化发展现状分析
13、215.3 武夷山茶产业生态化发展现状分析225.4 感德镇与相关地区茶产业生态化对比分析23第6章 感德镇茶产业生态化发展的途径和具体措施246.1 茶业种植的生态化246.2 茶业加工的生态化286.3 茶业-旅游业的有机结合30第7章 结论及建议367.1 结论367.2 建议36致 谢38参考文献39第1章 绪论1.1 研究背景茶、咖啡、可可被称为世界三大无酒精饮料,而茶以其自然清新的特点以及健康养生的功效更是受到了各国人民的喜爱,见表1。中国作为茶的故乡,“茶叶种植面积第一,茶叶产量第二,茶叶出口量第三,茶叶创收第四”,更是我国茶叶在世界上的真实写照。表1 茶叶功效简介1功效引证科学
14、依据益思明目神农本草:茶味苦,饮之使人益思、少卧、轻身、明目。茶叶中的咖啡碱会使中枢神经系统处于兴奋状态,从而帮助人们振奋精神、增进思维;而茶叶中所含的维生素C等成分,能降低眼睛晶体混浊度,对护眼明目有积极的作用。缓解体乏茶经:茶之为用,味至寒,为饮,最宜精行俭德之人,若热渴、凝闷、脑疼、目涩、四肢乏、百节不舒,聊四五啜,与醍醐甘露抗衡也。茶叶中的儿茶素可阻碍破坏软骨的酵素生成,有助于缓解四肢无力,关节不畅。去脂减肥本草拾遗:茗,苦,寒破热气,除瘴气,利大小肠久食令人瘦,去人脂,使不睡。茶碱及咖啡因,可活化蛋白质激酶及三酸甘油酯解脂酶,减少脂肪细胞堆积,茶多酚和维生素C能降低胆固醇和血脂,达到
15、去脂减肥功效。护肾利尿茶谱:人饮真茶,能止渴消食,除痰少睡,利水道,明目益思,除烦去腻,人固不可一日无茶。咖啡碱可刺激肾脏,促使尿液排出,减少有害物质在肾脏滞留时间。醒脑提神本草纲目:茶苦而寒,最能降火又兼解酒食之毒,使人神思闿爽,不昏不睡,此茶之功也。咖啡碱能促使人体中枢神经兴奋,起到醒脑提神的效果。经济的全球化使得各个国家或地区的经济在全球范围内开始融合。这对我国茶产业来说既是机遇也是挑战。纵观世界茶叶市场我们可以发现:一、从茶叶产量来看,2015年我国茶叶产量为227.8万吨,占世界茶叶总产量的43.1%,产量居世界首位。值得说明的是,在2015年世界十大产茶国中,中国茶产量增幅居第二位
16、,为8.68%,这说明我国的茶叶种植技术已经日趋成熟;二、从茶叶出口量来看,2015年茶叶出口四大国分别为肯尼亚、中国、斯里兰卡和印度,其出口量分别为全球茶叶出口量的25%、18%、17%和12%。从世界范围内来看,亚洲茶叶出口量占全球茶叶出口量的60%,而非洲茶叶出口量占全球茶叶出口量的35%,这与亚非国家自然资源和劳动力资源丰富密切相关;三、从茶叶价格来看,FAO茶叶作为世界茶叶市场的指示标,过去十年一直保持稳定,2014年由于CTC红碎茶价格下降导致全球茶叶综合价格大幅度下降,而传统茶价格浮动不大,这部分抵消了CTC茶价格下降的负面效应;四、从茶叶消费来看,2015年世界茶叶生产大国中国和印度