1、盐酸戊乙奎醚对全麻老年患者潮气量和肺顺应性的影响张红,潘芳*,刘芳,冯艺,杨拔贤摘要 目的 研究盐酸戊乙奎醚对全麻下老年患者的潮气量和肺顺应性的影响。方法 随机选择ASA级拟行气管插管全身麻醉的择期手术患者,年龄65岁(成年组n=20)年龄65岁(老年组n=20)各20例。所有患者诱导前静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03mg/kg,异丙酚、芬太尼、万可松静脉诱导;采用压力控制机械通气使呼末二氧化碳分压维持在正常范围;异丙酚、万可松持续输注维持麻醉。诱导后20min,静脉给予盐酸戊乙奎醚0.02mg/kg,监测手术开始前各时点:诱导后即刻(T0)、诱导后10min (T1)、诱导后20min给药前(T2)
2、、给药后10 min (T3) 、给药后20min (T4)、给药后30min(T5)的HR、MAP、SPO2、呼末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、潮气量(VT )、肺胸顺应性(Comp)和给药前后的血气分析。结果 与成年组比较,老年组HR、MAP差异无显著意义。老年组VT 、Comp在给药前下降明显,与成年组有显著差异,给药后有明显回升。结论 对于全麻老年患者,盐酸戊乙奎醚可以明显扩张支气管,改善机械通气所致的潮气量和肺顺应性下降,且对血流动力学无明显影响。关键词 盐酸戊乙奎醚,潮气量,肺顺应性,老年患者Effect of penehyclidine on tidal volume and p
3、ulmonary compliance for old patients during general anesthesia Zhang Hong, Pan Fang*, Liu Fang, Feng Yi, et al. Department of Anesthesiology , Peoples hospital of Peking University, Beijing 100044 CHINA【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of penehyclidine hydrochloride on tidal volume and p
4、ulmonary compliance for old patients during general anesthesia. Methods Forty ASA or patients with body mass index 18-25kg/m2 scheduled for elective operation under general anesthesia were divided into 2 groups according to age: group(65years old)( n=20)and group(65岁)( n=20). Midazolam 0.03mg/kg was
5、 given i.v. as premedication for all the patients. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1.52.5mg/kg,fentanyl 3ug/kg,vecuronium 0.1mg/kg. Pressure controlled ventilation ( PCV) was performed after tracheal intubation, PETCO2 was maintained at normal range. Anesthesia was maintained with propofol and
6、vecuronium continuous intravenous infusion. Penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.02 mg/ kg was administered i. v. in two groups at 20 min after induction. HR、MAP、SPO2、PETCO2、tidal volume (VT )、pulmonary compliance(Comp) were monitored continuously and recorded at 0,10, 20 min (immediately before medication
7、 ) after induction (T0,T1,T2 ) and 10 min, 20 min, 30 min after medication (T3,T4,T5 ). Arterial blood gases were analyzed before medication (T2 ) and 30 min after medication (T5) . Result Compared with those in group , HR and MAP had no significant difference in group. VT and Comp were significantl
8、y decreased before medication and increase again in groupcompared with those before medication. Conclusion During general anesthesia for old patients penehyclidine hydrochloride not only has less influence on hemodynamics but also could dilate bronchus and increase pulmonary compliance. 【Key words】
9、Penehyclidine hydrochloride;Tidal volume;Pulmonary compliance;Old patients盐酸戊乙奎醚(长托宁)是新一代M受体阻滞剂,选择性作用于M1和M3受体,对M2受体无作用或作用很小。因此作为老年患者术前用药,其对心血管系统作用小,有稳定心率作用,较阿托品具有一定优势。而其对呼吸系统影响,目前仅局限于腺体分泌的研究,对呼吸力学的研究尚无明确报道。本研究拟观察盐酸戊乙奎醚对全麻后老年病人的血气和呼吸力学的影响,以期指导临床用药。资料与方法病例选择 随机选择拟在全麻下行择期手术的患者,年龄25-64岁(成年组,n=20)和65-85岁
10、(老年组,n=20)的患者各20例, ASA级,无严重高血压(高血压一期以下),无严重肺部疾患,心功能级,至少一侧肾功能良好,体重指数在正常范围(18-25)。麻醉方法 全部患者入手术室后常规静脉注射咪达唑仑0.03mg/kg。全麻诱导采用异丙酚1.52.5mg/kg,芬太尼 3ug/kg,万可松0.1mg/kg静脉注射。气管插管(气管导管:男8#,女7.5#)后,均采用压力控制机械通气。 调整气道压设置,使潮气量控制在8ml/kg12ml/kg。吸呼比1:2,氧流量2L/min。设置呼吸频率(F)在8次/分到12次/分之间,使呼末二氧化碳分压保持在正常范围。麻醉维持:异丙酚 46mg/kg/
11、h 持续泵入,万可松 100ug/kg/h持续泵入。输液采用乳酸林格氏液10ml/kg/h。诱导后20分钟,所有患者均静脉注射盐酸戊乙奎醚注射液 0.02mg/kg。主要仪器 全麻诱导后50分钟内每个患者均采用压力控制机械通气,并保证其间不搬动患者,不切皮。术中以SP102+AV900麻醉机(Penlon公司,英国)行机械通气,以MP70型多参数监护仪(PHILIPS公司,荷兰)监测心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SPO2),ULTIMA型气体分析仪(Datex . Ohmeda 公司,芬兰)监测呼吸频率(RF)、气道峰压(Ppeak)、潮气量(VT)、呼末二氧化碳分压(PE
12、TCO2)、肺胸顺应性(Comp)。以ABL555型血气分析仪(雷度公司,丹麦)测定血气指标。指标监测 分别于诱导后即刻(T0),诱导后10min (T1), 诱导后20min(即给药前即刻,T2), 诱导后30min(即给药后10 min ,T3) , 诱导后40min(即给药后20min ,T4) , 诱导后50min(即给药后30min,T5),六个时点记录以下指标:心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、脉搏氧饱和度(SP02)、呼末二氧化碳分压(PETCO2)、潮气量(VT )、肺胸顺应性(Comp),并于诱导后20min(即给药前即刻 ,T2)和诱导后50min(即给药后30min,T
13、5)于桡动脉处抽血测血气指标。统计学处理 采用SPSS 11.5 统计软件进行分析,计量资料以均数标准差(XS)表示,组间比较采用成组t检验,组内比较采用方差检验,计数资料比较采用卡方检验,P0.05为差异有显著性。结 果一般资料的比较 两组患者的身高、体重、体重指数、性别比差异无显著性(表1)。表1 两组患者一般资料(Xs)组别年龄(岁)身高(cm)体重(kg)体重指数(kg/m2)性别比(男/女)成年组42121.670.0765923.11.86/14老年组6961.640.0761922.42.68/12血流动力学的比较 两组患者间各时点的心率、平均动脉压比较,差异无统计学意义表2 两
14、组患者血流动力学变化比较(Xs)指标组别 T0 T1 T2 T3 T4 T5心率(次/min)成年组711163862106586596610老年组671161106211621160116010平均压(mmHg)成年组801071117197511 7511 7812 老年组7910741376147712 7611 7814 呼吸力学指标的比较 两组患者气道峰压分别为14.52.6 cmH2O(成年组)、16.63.9 cmH2O(老年组);呼吸频率分别为10.21.0次/分(成年组)、10.30.9次/分(老年组), 两组间比较,差异无统计学意义。与成年组比较,诱导后20分钟老年组潮气量
15、和肺顺应性均明显下降(P0.05)。组内比较,老年组给药前(T2)潮气量和肺顺应性均较T0、T1时间点显著下降,而给药后10分钟(T3)、20分钟(T4)、30分钟(T5)潮气量和肺顺应性均明显回升(P0.05或 P0.01);而成年组给药前(T2)潮气量和肺顺应性亦有所下降,但无统计学意义。给药后20分钟(T4)、30分钟(T5)潮气量和肺顺应性与给药前(T2)比较也明显增加(P0.05或 P0.01)。从呼末二氧化碳分压看,组间组内比较差异不具显著性(表3)。表3 两组患者呼吸力学指标的变化(Xs)指标组别T0T1T2T3T4T5VT(ml)成年组5489153496531104557104568108 #565107#老年组50368#47580447105*52978#53979#53382#Comp(ml/cmH2O)成年组49.714.047.212.046.312.047.712.7 #48.313.3 #