1、英语陈述句专项知识点总结英语陈述句专项知识点总结 陈述句专项知识点总结 一、陈述句的概念 陈述句是陈述一个事实或者说话人的看法。它包括肯定句和否定句两种。陈述句在书写时句末用句号,而在朗读时则用降调。如:Im a student.I like dogs.Im not a teacher.二、陈述句的句子结构以及用法 1)在英语中,陈述句由主语、谓语、宾语三个部分组成。主语一般包括人称代词:I,you,he,she.物主代词:this,that,等。谓语一般就是动词:be 动词:is,are,am 和助动词:do,does 和行为动词:like,eat 等 例如:Mr.Walker is an
2、Englishman.(华克先生是英国人。肯定句)He is not an American.(他不是美国人。否定句)2)否定句的表达方式基本上有下面的两种。(1)使用否定词“not”,(2)例如:(a)be,have 为主要动词,例如:(3)I am not a good swimmer.(我不是一个游泳的好手。)(4)I have not much money.(我没有很多钱。)(5)He has not many friend here.(在这里他没有很多朋友。)解说:“be/have+not”常缩短成一词,尤其是日常谈话更是如此。例如:You arent a friend of his
3、,are you?(你不是他的朋友吧,是不是?)He isnt my brother.(他不是我的兄弟。)下面例句是“have not,has not”的缩略形。例如:I havent a headache.(我没有头痛。)(b)be,have 为助动词 You arent going to go to her birthday party,are you?(你不打算参加她的生日宴会,是不是?)It isnt raining outside.(外面没有在下雨。)动词带有助动词“will,shall,can,may,must,need,dare,ought to,used to,had bett
4、er”等时,将“not”置于助动词与主要动词之间。例如:I will not do it again.I wont do it again.(我不愿意再做这种事。)The old man cannot find his way home.(那个老人找不到回家的路。)I couldnt sleep last night.(昨夜我无法入睡。)You ought not to swim in the river.(你不应该在河里游泳。)You had better not tell her everything.(你最好不要样样事情都告诉她。)注:“can”的否定形式是“cannot cant”,不
5、可写成“can not cannt”。(d)使用助动词“do”的否定句 一般动词的否定句通常使用助动词“do”,句式如下:do(does,did)+not+V(原形动词),例如:I dont know her very well.(我并不很了解她。)He doesnt like Chinese tea very much.(他并不很喜欢中国茶。)She didnt come to school this morning.(今天早上她没有来上学。)Dont believe him.(不要相信他的话。)注:“have”表达“有”以外的意义时,其否定句通常使用助动词“do”,例如:Usually I
6、 dont have(=eat)breakfast on Sunday morning.(通常星期天早上我不吃早餐。)She doesnt have(=drink)coffee for breakfast.(她不把咖啡充作早餐喝。)We didnt have(=enjoy)a good time there yesterday.(昨天我们在那里玩得不愉快。)不过美式英语“have”作“有”的意义使用时也如一般动词使用助动词“do”,例如:I dont have brothers.(我没有兄弟。)We didnt have time enough to finish the work.(我们没有
7、足够的时间完成那件工作。)(2)使用“not”以外的否定词:(a)副词:never,seldom,hardly,little,neither 等,例如:She never comes to school late.(他上学从不迟到。)(b)形容词:no,few,little 等,例如:I have no brothers.(=I dont have brothers.)(我没有兄弟。)He has few friends in Hong Kong.(他在香港几乎没有朋友。)代词:nothing,nobody,none 等,例如:I know nothing about computer(对电脑
8、我一窍不通。)I found nobody about computer.(在那栋房子里我没看到任何人。)2否定也可以借用前缀或后缀来表达,例如:He is honest.(他是诚实的。)He is dishonest.(=He in not honest.)(他不诚实。)They have children.(他们有小孩。)They are childless.=They dont have children.(他们没有小孩。)陈述句专项考试中常以如下考题出现:一、选择题 1He swims very _.A.good B.well C.better D.best 2.He gave a k
9、nife_ me.A./B.to C.for D.at 3.The tea _good.A.sound B.taste C.sounds D.taste s 4.He bought a ruler_me.A.to B./C.for D.in 5.I _his name.A.do not know B.no know C.know not D.know no 二、句型转换题 1、There are two children in the room now.(1)改为否定句:(2)对划线部分提问:2、2、Nancy is a nice girl.(1)改为一般疑问句:(2)分别作肯定和否定回答:3、