1、宾 语 从 句整 理：郑 敏 2009-4-20掌握宾语从句的语序。掌握引导宾语从句的各种连词。掌握宾语从句中，主句与从句在时态上的相互照应。【课前准备】要求学生回忆宾语从句的概念及其用法，并用各种引导词各造一个句子。【知识要点】【1】.宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语，从句放在主句之后，前后不用逗号分开。【2】引导宾语从句的词有：连词that(在口语中that常可省略)，if, whether,如： He knows that Jim will work hard.连接代词who, whom, which等，如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiti
2、ng for连接副词when, where, how, why等，如：Could you tell me how we can get to the station【3】whether和if都有“是否的意思，一般情况下两者可以换用，但在介词之后，不定式之前，与or not连用，在句首或在引导表语从句，同位语从句时，只能用whether,如：I want to know if/whether the news is true. He doesnt know whether to stay or not【4】宾语从句要用陈述句语序。【5】宾语从句一定要注意时态照应，即：当主句谓语动词是过去式时，从
3、句中谓语动词也要用过去范畴的时态，但假设从句陈述的是真理或客观规律，其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时，如： He asked who could answer the question.My father told me that the earth goes around the sun.【6】一个宾语从句只能用一个连词。【7】当主句谓语动词是think, believe等动词时，宾语从句的否认意义要放到主句中。另外，当主句主语为第一人称时，后面假设接附加疑问句，那么附加疑问句的主语、谓语应与从句中的主谓语保持一致。如： I dont think he looks like his father,
4、 does he【9】直接引语和间接引语也是宾语从句，直接引语是引述别人的原话，放在引号内,不用连词联接；间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话，通常用连接词与主句联接。 (1)陈述句变为以that引导的宾语从句，如： He said,“Im happy.FY()FYHe said that he was happy. (2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句，如： He asked me,“Does his father know Mr Green -He asked me if his father knew Mr Green. (3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, whe
5、re, how等疑问词(连接代词或连接副词)引导的宾语从句，如： He asked me,“Where is Mr Wang -He asked me where Mr Wang was.注意上述例句中连词、时态、语序等变化。宾语从句【常见用法：】【1】常由that引导，在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时，从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响，按需要可以使用任何时态。【2】当主句谓语是过去时态，而宾语从句表达某一客观真理（事实）时，宾语从句的时态那么用一般现在时。【3】由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。引知名词性从句的连词whether和if，在引出宾语从句时，用法和意
6、义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句，而whether除了引出宾语从句外，还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。英语中宾语从句要点精析整 理：郑 敏 2009-4-20一、宾语从句是复合句的一种，在句子中主要用来作动词或介词的宾语，它不仅是初三英语的教学重点之一，而且是历年来中考的考点之一，因此，笔者将其归纳为以下要点，供同学们理解记忆。宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述句转化that引，一般疑问句用if/whether,特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。解析：1.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主
7、句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：I know that hell come back in an hour.Do you know if/whether he has seen the filmCould you tell me when he was born2.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如：He said that he would go to Beijing.I didnt know if/whether he had seen the film.She told me she was born in 1985.注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是
8、客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如：He said that the earth moves round the sun.The teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.Jim said that time is life.3.陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略；一般疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用if/whether;特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。例如：Hell leave a message on the desk. H
9、e says.He says that hell leave a message on the desk.Are they going to the Great Wall Jim wants to know.Jim wants to know if/whether they are going to the Great Wall.How much does it cost to fly to Hainan Could you tell me.Could you tell me how much it costs to fly to Hainan二、特殊性：A：当do you think后接特殊
10、疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词do you think陈述句语序。例如：When do you think hell come backHow many times do you think he has seen the filmWho do you think Tom is waiting forB:当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, suppose, guess等时，而且主句的主语是第一人称时，反意疑问句要和从句保持一致，并且要注意否认的转移。例如：I think hell come back soon, wont heI dont think hell com
11、e back soon，will he三、宾语从句的转化1.当主句的谓语动词是hope, wish, agree, choose, decide等带宾语从句时，而且主从句的主语一致时，这时从句可以简化成不定式结构。例如：We hope that we shall see you soon.We hope to see you soon.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词不定式结构。例如：I dont know which sweater I should
12、buy.I dont know which sweater to buy.He cant decide where he is going.He cant decide where to go.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词不定式结构。例如：Could you tell me how I can get to the parkCould you tell me how to get to the parkPlease teach him how he should
13、learn English well.Please teach him how to learn English well宾语从句练习题 (2023-04-10 14:49:11)1( ) 1 The girls asked if they _ some food and drink with them. A. took B. take C. takes D. will take( ) 2 Catherine said that she _ to Guangzhou. A. has never gone B. had never gone C. has never been D. had ne
14、ver been( ) 3 The students want to know whether they_ dictation today. A. had B. has . C. will have D. are( ) 4 She asked Linda if_ go and get some. A. could she B. she could C. she can D. she may( ) 5 Linda said the moon_ round the earth. A. travelled B. has travelled C. travels D. had travelled2(
15、) 1 Can you tell me_ you were born, Betty A. who B. what C. when D. that( ) 2 I dont know _ they have passed the exam. A. what B. if C. when D. where( ) 3 I hardly understand._ he has told me. A. that B. what C. which D. who( ) 4 She didnt know_ back soon. A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be( ) 5 I dont know _ he still lives here after so many years. A. whether B where C. what D.when( ) 6 D