1、专业英语专业英语 黄黄 芪芪 Astragali Radix English Name Milkvetch Root Origins Plant Morphology Collection and Preparation Production and Commerce Description Microscopical Characters Chemical Constituents Physical and Chemical Identification Pharmacology Action Indication Main contents Origins Tonic herbs 滋补药材
2、滋补药材 Heat-removing drugs 清热药清热药 Purgating drugs 泻下药泻下药 Medicines for rheumatism 祛风湿药祛风湿药 Hemostatics 止血药止血药 Plant Morphology Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch)Bge.var.mongholicus(Bge.)Hsiao:odd-pinnately compound：奇：奇数羽状复叶数羽状复叶 pinnae：小叶，由拉丁语转变：小叶，由拉丁语转变而来，复数而来，复数 stipule：托叶：托叶 lanceolate：披针形的：披针形的 A per
3、ennial herb,main root stout.多年生草本，主根粗壮。多年生草本，主根粗壮。Stem erect and branched at the upper part.茎直立，上部分枝。茎直立，上部分枝。Leaves odd-pinnately compound,alternate.奇数羽状复叶，互生。奇数羽状复叶，互生。Flowers in axillary racemes,calyx campanulate.花为总状花序，腋生，花萼钟形。花为总状花序，腋生，花萼钟形。Collection and preparation The drug is collected in sp
4、ring and autumn,removed from soil,rootlet and root stock,and dried in sun.春秋季节采收药材，去除泥土、细根、根头，晒春秋季节采收药材，去除泥土、细根、根头，晒干。干。Externally pale brownish-yellow or pale brown,with irregular,longitudinal wrinkles,cork easily exfoliated,exposing yellowish-white cortex,sometimes showing reticulated fibre bundle
5、s.Description 表面为浅棕黄色或浅棕色表面为浅棕黄色或浅棕色，有不规则纵皱纹和众多横长皮孔样有不规则纵皱纹和众多横长皮孔样突起突起，栓皮易剥落而露出黄白色皮部栓皮易剥落而露出黄白色皮部，有时可见网状纤维束有时可见网状纤维束。Wood pale yellow with radiate striations and fissures,the centre part of old root occasionally rotten-wood-shaped,blackish-brown or hollowed.木部淡黄色木部淡黄色，有放射状纹理和裂隙有放射状纹理和裂隙，老根中心偶呈枯朽状老根
6、中心偶呈枯朽状。Description tenacious：粘性的：粘性的 striation：纹理：纹理 fissure:裂隙裂隙 木栓层木栓层 韧皮部韧皮部 形成层形成层 木质部木质部 Transverse section phelloderm 栓内层栓内层 collenchymatous cells 厚角细胞厚角细胞 sieve tube groups 筛管群筛管群 parenchymatous cells 薄壁细胞薄壁细胞 lignified 木质化木质化 药材黄芪横切面药材黄芪横切面 Powder primary walls：初生壁：初生壁 tassel:穗状穗状 truncate：
7、把：把.截成平头状截成平头状 bordered pitted vessels：具缘纹孔导管：具缘纹孔导管(1)Flavonoids:formononetin，芒柄花黄素芒柄花黄素 3-hydroxyformonontin (calycosin),毛蕊异黄酮毛蕊异黄酮 Chemical Constituents R1H R5=OME R1H R5=OME R4OH 2,3-dihydroxy-7,4-dimethoxyisoflavone：3二羟基二羟基7，4二甲氧基异黄烷二甲氧基异黄烷 3-hydroxy-9,10-dimethoxypterocarpane;3羟基羟基9，10二甲氧基紫檀烷二
8、甲氧基紫檀烷 Chemical Constituents 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷I 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷II 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷III 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷IV 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷V 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷VI 黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷VII OOR2HOxylR4R3HOHR1 R2 R3 R4glc H Ac Acglc H Ac HH H glc Hglc H H HH glc glc Hglc H glc Hglc glc H HCH2OHHOHOglcARrha22Rxylgal黄芪皂苷黄芪皂苷VIII 大豆皂苷大豆皂苷I Saponins astragaloside soyasaponin(3)Sugars:as
9、tragalan,D-glucose,D-fructose,sucrose;多糖类：黄芪多糖，D葡萄糖，D果糖，蔗糖；(4)Others -sitosterol,choline,betaine,palmitic acid,linoleic acid,linoleinic acid,etc.谷甾醇，胆碱，甜菜碱，棕榈酸，亚油酸，亚麻酸等。Chemical Constituents Physical and chemical Identification 理理 化化 鉴鉴 别别 3g powders Apply the filtrate to a prepared neutral aluminiu
10、m oxide column methanol,20ml,boil,1h elute with 100 ml of 40%methanol Evaporate the eluate on a water bath to dryness Dissolve the residue in 30 ml of water and extract by shaking with two 20-ml quantities of n-butanol saturated with water Dissovle the residue in 0.5ml of methanol as the test soluti
11、on.Combine the n-butanol solutions and wash with two 20-ml quantities of water.discard the water solution and evaporate the n-butanol solution to dryness on a water bath.取本品粉末取本品粉末3克，加甲醇克，加甲醇20毫升，置毫升，置水浴水浴上上加热回流加热回流1小时，过滤，滤液加于已处理好的小时，过滤，滤液加于已处理好的中性氧化铝柱中性氧化铝柱上上（100120目目，5克，柱内径克，柱内径1015毫米）。用毫米）。用100毫升
12、毫升40%甲醇甲醇洗脱，收集洗脱，收集洗脱液洗脱液。水浴蒸干，残渣加。水浴蒸干，残渣加30毫升水溶解，用水饱和的毫升水溶解，用水饱和的正丁醇正丁醇萃萃取两次，每次取两次，每次20毫毫升，合并正丁醇溶液，用水洗涤，正丁醇液蒸干，升，合并正丁醇溶液，用水洗涤，正丁醇液蒸干，残渣残渣加加0.5毫升甲醇溶解作为供试品溶液。毫升甲醇溶解作为供试品溶液。Dissolve astragaloside IV CRS in methanol to produce a solution containing 1 mg per ml as the reference solution.另取黄芪甲苷另取黄芪甲苷对照品
13、对照品，加甲醇制成每，加甲醇制成每1毫升含毫升含1毫克的溶毫克的溶液，作为液，作为对照品溶液对照品溶液。Carry out the method for thin layer chromatography(TLC）(Appendix B)using silica gel G as the coating substance and the lower layer of a mixture of chloroform,methanol and water(13:7:2)as the mobile phase.Apply separately to the plate 2 l of each of
14、 the two solutions.After developing and removal of the plate,dry it in air,spray with 10%sulfuric acid in ethanol,and heat at 105 to the spots distinct.参照参照薄层层析色谱法薄层层析色谱法（附录（附录 B）试验，）试验，吸取上吸取上述两种溶液各述两种溶液各2微升，分别点于同一硅胶微升，分别点于同一硅胶G薄层板薄层板上，以氯仿上，以氯仿甲醇甲醇水（水（13：7：2）混合溶液的）混合溶液的下层溶液为展开剂，展开，取出，晾干，喷以下层溶液为展开剂，展
15、开，取出，晾干，喷以10%的硫酸乙醇溶液，并于的硫酸乙醇溶液，并于105加热至斑点加热至斑点清晰。清晰。A brown spot in the chromatogram obtained with the test solution corresponds in position and color to the spot in the chromatogram obtained with the reference solution.Examine under ultra-violet light(365 nm),orange-yellow fluorescent spots are sho
16、wn in both chromatograms.黄芪甲甙黄芪甲甙黄芪药材黄芪药材黄芪药材黄芪药材黄芪药材黄芪药材 供试品色谱中供试品色谱中，在与对照品色谱相应的位置上在与对照品色谱相应的位置上，显相同的显相同的棕色斑点棕色斑点。置荧光灯置荧光灯365nm下检视下检视，在供试品和对照品在供试品和对照品色谱中具有色谱中具有 橙黄色的荧光斑点橙黄色的荧光斑点。Filter-filtrate 过滤过滤-滤液滤液 Neural aluminium oxide column 中性氧化铝中性氧化铝 Elute-elutate 洗脱洗脱-洗脱液洗脱液 Residue 残渣残渣 n-butanol saturated with water 水饱和正丁醇水饱和正丁醇 The test solution 供试品溶液供试品溶液 CRS chemical reference standards 化学对照品化学对照品 The reference solution 标准溶液标准溶液 Thin layer chromatography 薄层色谱薄层色谱 Sulfuric acid 硫酸硫酸 formic acid