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7、 OF CONTENTSSectionPage0 OVERVIEW.1 INTRODUCTION.II.I What are PAHs?.I2SOURCES OF PAHS,.22.1 Primary Sources of PAHs.23 PAHS IN THE ENVIRONMENT.43.1 PAHEnvironmental Delivery Systems.43.2 Overview of Concentrations in the Environment.74 PAHTRANSPORT AND FATE.84.1 Transport.84.2 Fate Processes.85ENVI
8、RONMENTAL AND HUMAN HEALTH EFFECTS.115.1Sources of Human Exposure.115.2 Human Health Effects.125.2.1 Non-carcinogenic Effects.135.2.2 Carcinogenic Effects.145.2.3Regulatory Levels.155.3 Ecological Effects.55.3.1 Bioavailability and Uptake.165.3.2 Regulatory Standards Related to PAH Ecological Effect
9、s.175.3.3 Guidance on Screening Methods for Ecological Effects.186CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PAHS.196.1PAH Analytical Goals and Targets.196.2Analytical Methods.206.3PAH Source Identification(Fingerprinting)and Allocation.226.4 Analytical Efficiency and Costs.22APPENDIX A25REFERENCES.27Figures2-1 Perylene,
10、a Five-Ringed Diagenic PAH.32-2 Phenanthrene.32-3 Representative Distribution of Alkylated PAHs Formed atDifferent Temperatures.324 Retene.43-1 PAHs in Alaska North Slope Crude Oil.65-1 Relative Doses of Carcinogenic PAHs.136-1 Comparison of PAH Analyses with Two Different Target Lists.216-2 Schematic of Top-Level PAH Fingerprinting and Allocation Approach.23A-1 Structures of the 16 Priority Pollutant PAHs.27