1、Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine UnitsAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 945 THIRD EDITION,JUNE 2003 REAFFIRMED,JULY 2020Avoiding Environmental Cracking in Amine UnitsDownstream SegmentAPI RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 945 THIRD EDITION,JUNE 2003REAFFIRMED,JULY 2020SPECIAL NOTESAPI publications necessarily add
2、ress problems of a general nature.With respect to partic-ular circumstances,local,state,and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed.API is not undertaking to meet the duties of employers,manufacturers,or suppliers towarn and properly train and equip their employees,and others exposed,concern
3、ing healthand safety risks and precautions,nor undertaking their obligations under local,state,or fed-eral laws.Information concerning safety and health risks and proper precautions with respect to par-ticular materials and conditions should be obtained from the employer,the manufacturer orsupplier
4、of that material,or the material safety data sheet.Nothing contained in any API publication is to be construed as granting any right,byimplication or otherwise,for the manufacture,sale,or use of any method,apparatus,or prod-uct covered by letters patent.Neither should anything contained in the publi
5、cation be con-strued as insuring anyone against liability for infringement of letters patent.Generally,API standards are reviewed and revised,reafrmed,or withdrawn at least every ve years.Sometimes a one-time extension of up to two years will be added to this review cycle.This publication will no lo
6、nger be in effect ve years after its publication date as an operative API standard or,where an extension has been granted,upon republication.Status of the publication can be ascertained from the API Downstream Segment telephone(202)682-8000.A catalog of API publications and materials is published an
7、nually and updated quarterly by API,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001.This document was produced under API standardization procedures that ensure appropri-ate notication and participation in the developmental process and is designated as an API standard.Questions concerning
8、the interpretation of the content of this standard or com-ments and questions concerning the procedures under which this standard was developed should be directed in writing to the standardization manager,American Petroleum Institute,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001.Request
9、s for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of the material published herein should also be addressed to the gen-eral manager.API standards are published to facilitate the broad availability of proven,sound engineer-ing and operating practices.These standards are not intended to obvia
10、te the need for apply-ing sound engineering judgment regarding when and where these standards should beutilized.The formulation and publication of API standards is not intended in any way toinhibit anyone from using any other practices.Any manufacturer marking equipment or materials in conformance w
11、ith the markingrequirements of an API standard is solely responsible for complying with all the applicablerequirements of that standard.API does not represent,warrant,or guarantee that such prod-ucts do in fact conform to the applicable API standard.All rights reserved.No part of this work may be re
12、produced,stored in a retrieval system,or transmitted by any means,electronic,mechanical,photocopying,recording,or otherwise,without prior written permission from the publisher.Contact the Publisher,API Publishing Services,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001.Copyright 2003 Amer
13、ican Petroleum InstituteFOREWORDAPI publications may be used by anyone desiring to do so.Every effort has been made bythe Institute to assure the accuracy and reliability of the data contained in them;however,theInstitute makes no representation,warranty,or guarantee in connection with this publicat
14、ionand hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or damage resultingfrom its use or for the violation of any federal,state,or municipal regulation with which thispublication may conict.Suggested revisions are invited and should be submitted to the Director,Standards Departm
15、ent,American Petroleum Institute,200 Massachusetts Avenue,NW,Suite 1100,Washington,DC 20001,standardsapi.org.iiiCONTENTSPage1SCOPE.12REFERENCES.12.1Referenced Publications.12.2Referenced Codes and Standards.12.3Other Codes and Standards.22.4Selected Bibliography.23DEFINITIONS.24BACKGROUND.24.1Amine
16、Units.24.2Problems in Amine Units.35GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS AND FABRICATION OF NEW EQUIPMENT.45.1Construction Materials.45.2Fabrication.56INSPECTION AND REPAIR OF EXISTING EQUIPMENT.76.1General.76.2Inspection Materials.76.3Equipment and Piping that Should be Inspected.86.4Examination Procedures and Methods.86.5Repair of Damaged Equipment.106.6Postweld Heat Treatment of Undamaged or Repaired Equipment.10APPENDIX ACRACKING MECHANISMS.13APPENDIX BCONSIDERATIONS FOR CORROSION CONTROL.1