1、Designation:E 1195 01Standard Test Method forDetermining a Sorption Constant(Koc)for an OrganicChemical in Soil and Sediments1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1195;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determiningthe partitioning of organic chemicals between water and
3、soil orsediment.The goal is to obtain a single value which can beused to predict partitioning under a variety of environmentalconditions from the measurement of sorption coefficients forspecific solids.1.2 Sorption represents the binding process of chemicals tosurfaces of soils or sediments through
4、chemical,or physical,orboth interactions.1.3 The sorption of nonpolar organic chemicals,and tosome extent polar organic chemicals,is correlated with theorganic carbon content of the sorbing solid.Charged inorganicand organic molecules may behave differently,and some otherproperty,such as,cation exch
5、ange capacity,clay content,ortotal surface area of sorbing solids,may influence sorption.Hydrous metal oxides of iron and aluminum may significantlyaffect sorption in sediments.In order to provide a sorptioncoefficient that is useful for a wide range of soils andsediments,the coefficient is based on
6、 organic carbon content.This approach,however,will not apply to all chemicals or allsoils and sediments.In cases where it does not apply,theinvestigator may need to seek other methods of relatingsorption to the properties of the chemical,soil,or sediment.1.4 It is possible that,in addition to organi
7、c carbon,sorptionis correlated with the total surface area of sorbing solids.Thismay be particularly important with solids having organiccarbon contents so low that sorption to inorganic surfaces issignificant in comparison to sorption by organic material.Insuch a case,inclusion of the total surface
8、 area into the sorptioncalculation may be useful.For further information on thissubject see Ref(1).21.5 Equilibrium sorption coefficients are determined.It isrecognized that equilibrium conditions do not always exist inenvironmental situations,but sorption equilibria values arenecessary for making g
9、eneralizations about environmentalpartitioning.1.6 Studies are conducted preferably with an analytical ortechnical-grade chemical.Mixtures are used only if analyticalmethods allow measurement of individual components ofinterest in the mixture.Good laboratory procedures must befollowed to ensure vali
10、dity of the data.1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety problems,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2
11、.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:D 421 Practice for Dry Preparation of Soil Samples forParticle-Size Analysis and Determination of Soil Con-stants3D 422 Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils3D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water4D 4129 Test Method for Total and Organic Carbon in Wa
12、terby Oxidation Coulometric Detection52.2Other standards:OECD Test Guideline 10663.Terminology Definitions3.1 sorption distribution coeffcient(Kd)the concentrationof chemical sorbed by solids,in g/g,on an oven-dry solidsweight basis divided by the concentration of chemical in thewater,in g/g,at equi
13、librium.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E47 onBiological Effects and Environmental Fate and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E47.04 on Environmental Fate of Chemical Substances.Current edition approved Oct.10,2001.Published November 2001.Originallypublished a
14、s E 1195-87.Last previous edition E 1195-87(Reapproved 1993)e1.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis test method.3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 04.08.4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.01.5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,Vol 11.02.6Available from
15、 the Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Delevopment2,rue Andr Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 France.1Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.3.2 organic carbon normalized sorption constant(Koc)thesorption distribution coeffi
16、cient,Kd,normalized to the relativeorganic carbon content(fraction)of the solid oc(Koc=kd/%OC 3 100).4.Summary of Test Method4.1 The sorption coefficient of a chemical is measured byequilibrating an aqueous solution containing an environmen-tally realistic concentration of the chemical with a knownquantity of soil or sediment.After reaching equilibrium,thedistribution of chemical between the water and the solids ismeasured by a suitable analytical method.If appropriate for thetest material,sorpt