1、Designation:E102384(Reapproved 2014)Standard Guide forAssessing the Hazard of a Material to Aquatic Organismsand Their Uses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1023;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、 year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes a stepwise process for usinginformation concerning the biological,chemical,physical,andtoxico
3、logical properties of a material to identify adverse effectslikely to occur to aquatic organisms and their uses as a result ofrelease of the material to the environment.The material willusually be a specific chemical,although it might be a group ofchemicals that have very similar biological,chemical
4、,physical,and toxicological properties and are usually produced,used,and discarded together.1.2 The hazard assessment process is complex and requiresdecisions at a number of points;thus,the validity of a hazardassessment depends on the soundness of those decisions,aswell as the accuracy of the infor
5、mation used.All decisionsshould be based on reasonable worst-case analyses so that anappropriate assessment can be completed for the least cost thatis consistent with scientific validity.1.3 This guide assumes that the reader is knowledgeable inaquatic toxicology and related pertinent areas.A list o
6、f generalreferences is provided(1).21.4 This guide does not describe or reference detailedprocedures for estimating or measuring environmentalconcentrations,or procedures for determining the maximumconcentration of test material that is acceptable in the food ofpredators of aquatic life.However,this
7、 guide does describehow such information should be used when assessing thehazard of a material to aquatic organisms and their uses.1.5 Because assessment of hazard to aquatic organisms andtheir uses is a relatively new activity within aquatic toxicology,most of the guidance provided herein is qualit
8、ative rather thanquantitative.When possible,confidence limits should be cal-culated and taken into account.1.6 This guide provides guidance for assessing hazard butdoes not provide guidance on how to take into account socialconsiderations in order to judge the acceptability of the hazard.Judgments c
9、oncerning acceptability are social as well asscientific,and are outside the scope of this guide.1.7 This guide is arranged as follows:SectionReferenced Documents2Descriptions of Terms Specific to This Standard3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Four Basic Concepts6The Iteration6.1The Two Elements
10、6.2The Possible Decisions6.3The Phased Approach6.4Phase IUse of Low-Cost(Existing)Information7Collection of Available Data7.1Initial Estimates of Environmental Concentrations7.2Initial Estimate of Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms7.3Initial Estimate of Bioaccumulation by Aquatic Organ-isms7.4Phase I Haz
11、ard Assessment7.5Phase IIUse of Medium-Cost Information8Improved Estimates of Environmental Concentrations8.2Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Animals8.3Toxicity to Algae8.4Expansion of Short-Term Testing8.5Bioaccumulation8.6Phase II Hazard Assessment8.7Phase IIIUse of High-Cost Information9Refined Estimate
12、s of Environmental Concentrations9.2Chronic Toxicity to Aquatic Animals9.3Use of Acute-Chronic Ratios9.4Toxicity to Aquatic Plants9.5Bioconcentration9.6Bioaccumulation from Food9.7Phase III Hazard Assessment9.8AppendixesAppendix X1 Production,Use,Disposal,and Other ReleaseAppendix X2 Biological Cons
13、iderationsAppendix X3 Chemical ConsiderationsAppendix X4 Physical ConsiderationsAppendix X5 Toxicological ConsiderationsAppendix X6 Estimating Environmental ConcentrationsAppendix X7 Selection of Test SpeciesAppendix X8 Long-Term Toxicity Tests1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E
14、50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Oct.1,2014.Published December 2014.Originallyapproved in 1984.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E
15、1023-84(2007).DOI:10.1520/E1023-84R14.2Boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of thisstandard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafe
16、ty concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterE724 Guide for Conducting Static Acute Toxicity TestsStarting with Embryos of Four Species of SaltwaterBivalve MolluscsE729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroi