1、Designation:E136102(Reapproved 2014)1Standard Guide forCorrection of Interelement Effects in X-Ray SpectrometricAnalysis1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1361;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the ye
2、ar of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1NOTEEditorial corrections were made throughout in April 2015.1.Scope1.1 This guide is an introduction to mathematical proce-dur
3、es for correction of interelement(matrix)effects in quanti-tative X-ray spectrometric analysis.1.1.1 The procedures described correct only for the interele-ment effect(s)arising from a homogeneous chemical compo-sition of the specimen.Effects related to either particle size,ormineralogical or metall
4、urgical phases in a specimen are nottreated.1.1.2 These procedures apply to both wavelength andenergy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry where the specimen isconsidered to be infinitely thick,flat,and homogeneous withrespect to the depth of penetration of the exciting X-rays(1).21.2 This document is not
5、intended to be a comprehensivetreatment of the many different techniques employed to com-pensate for interelement effects.Consult Refs(2-5)for descrip-tions of other commonly used techniques such as standardaddition,internal standardization,etc.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E135 Terminol
6、ogy Relating to Analytical Chemistry forMetals,Ores,and Related Materials3.Terminology3.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide,refer toTerminology E135.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 absorption edgethe maximum wavelength(mini-mum X-ray photon energy)that can expel an
7、 electron from agiven level in an atom of a given element.3.2.2 analytean element in the specimen to be determinedby measurement.3.2.3 characteristic radiationX radiation produced by anelement in the specimen as a result of electron transitionsbetween different atomic shells.3.2.4 coherent(Rayleigh)
8、scatterthe emission of energyfrom a loosely bound electron that has undergone collisionwith an incident X-ray photon and has been caused to vibrate.The vibration is at the same frequency as the incident photonand the photon loses no energy.(See 3.2.7.)3.2.5 dead-timetime interval during which the X-
9、ray de-tection system,after having responded to an incident photon,cannot respond properly to a successive incident photon.3.2.6 fluorescence yielda ratio of the number of photonsof all X-ray lines in a particular series divided by the numberof shell vacancies originally produced.3.2.7 incoherent(Co
10、mpton)scatterthe emission of energyfrom a loosely bound electron that has undergone collisionwith an incident photon and the electron has recoiled under theimpact,carrying away some of the energy of the photon.3.2.8 influence coeffcientdesignated by (,andother Greek letters are also used in certain
11、mathematicalmodels),a correction factor for converting apparent massfractions to actual mass fractions in a specimen.Other termscommonly used are alpha coefficient and interelement effectcoefficient.3.2.9 mass absorption coeffcientdesignated by,anatomic property of each element which expresses the X
12、-rayabsorption per unit mass per unit area,cm2/g.3.2.10 primary absorptionabsorption of incident X-raysby the specimen.The extent of primary absorption depends onthe composition of the specimen and the X-ray source primaryspectral distribution.3.2.11 primary spectral distributionthe output X-rayspec
13、tral distribution usually from an X-ray tube.The X-ray1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E01 on AnalyticalChemistry for Metals,Ores,and Related Materials and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E01.20 on Fundamental Practices.Current edition approved Nov.15,2014.Publishe
14、d April 2015.Originallyapproved in 1990.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E1361 02(2007).DOI:10.1520/E1361-02R14E01.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact AST
15、M Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 continuum is usually expressed in un
16、its of absolute intensityper unit wavelength per electron per unit solid angle.3.2.12 relative intensitythe ratio of an analyte X-ray lineintensity measured from the specimen to that of the pureanalyte element.It is sometimes expressed relative to theanalyte element in a multi-component reference material.3.2.13 secondary absorptionthe absorption of the charac-teristic X radiation produced in the specimen by all elements inthe specimen.3.2.14 secondary fluorescence(enhancement)the genera-tion of