1、Designation:E154709Standard Terminology Relating toIndustrial and Specialty Chemicals1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1547;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in par
2、entheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This standard covers terminology relating to industrialand specialty chemicals.It is intended to provide an under-standing of terms commonly used in te
3、st methods,practices,and specifications throughout the industry.NOTE1The boldface numbers following each definition refer to E15standards in which the definition appears.Lightface numbers refer to theE15 subcommittee having jurisdiction.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D891 Test Methods for
4、 Specific Gravity,Apparent,of LiquidIndustrial ChemicalsE70 Test Method for pH of Aqueous Solutions With theGlass ElectrodeE180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTMMethods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial and Spe-cialty Chemicals(Withdrawn 2009)3E200 Practice for Preparation,Standard
5、ization,and Storageof Standard and Reagent Solutions for Chemical AnalysisE201 Test Method for Calculation of Volume and Weight ofIndustrial Chemical Liquids(Discontinued 2001)(With-drawn 2001)3E222 Test Methods for Hydroxyl Groups Using AceticAnhydride AcetylationE223 Test Methods for Analysis of S
6、ulfuric AcidE224 Test Methods for Analysis of Hydrochloric AcidE234 Test Method for Total Bromine Number of Unsatu-rated Aliphatic Chemicals(Withdrawn 2008)3E300 Practice for Sampling Industrial ChemicalsE324 Test Method for Relative Initial and Final MeltingPoints and the Melting Range of Organic C
7、hemicals(Discontinued 2001)(Withdrawn 2001)3E326 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups by Phthalic Anhy-dride Esterification(Discontinued 2001)(Withdrawn2001)3E335 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups by PyromelliticDianhydride Esterification(Withdrawn 2002)3E347 Test Method for Ash in Polybasic Acids(Withdraw
8、n2003)3E410 Test Method for Moisture and Residue in LiquidChlorineE1899 Test Method for Hydroxyl Groups Using Reactionwith p-Toluenesulfonyl Isocyanate(TSI)and Potentiomet-ric Titration with Tetrabutylammonium Hydroxide3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:accuracythe agreement between an experimentally dete
9、r-mined value and the accepted reference value.In chemicalwork,this term is frequently used to express freedom frombias,but in other fields it assumes a broader meaning as ajoint index of precision and bias.To avoid confusion,theterm bias will be used in appraising of the systematic errorof test met
10、hods for industrial chemicals.See also bias.E180,E15.04ashthe residual inorganic matter obtained on ignition of asample in air at a specified temperature.E347,E15.51Baum gravitya unit of density based on specific gravityand defined by the following equation:Baumegravity5 1452145/sp gr#at 15.5/15.5C6
11、0/60F!(1)See also density and specific gravity.E223,E224,E324,E15.51biasa constant or systematic error as opposed to a randomerror.It manifests itself as a persistent positive or negativedeviation of the method average from the accepted referencevalue.See also accuracy.E180,E15.04bromine number,tota
12、lnumber of centigrams of bromineequivalent to the total unsaturation present in 1 g of sample.It is a measure of the total ethylenic unsaturation present inthe designated aliphatic compound.E234,E15.22coefficient of variationa measure of relative precisioncalculated as the standard deviation of a se
13、ries of values1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E15 onIndustrial and Specialty Chemicalsand is the direct responsibility of SubcommitteeE15.01 on General Standards.Current edition approved April 1,2009.Published April 2009.Originallyapproved in 1993.Last previous edition
14、approved in 2003 as E1547-99(2003).DOI:10.1520/E1547-09.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last
15、approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 divided by their average.It is often multiplied by
16、100 andexpressed as a percentage.E180,E15.04densitythe mass of a unit volume of a material at a specifiedtemperature.The units shall be stated,such as grams permillilitre,grams per cubic centimetre,pounds per cubic foot,or other.The form of the expression shall be the following:Density at x.where x=temperature of the material,in,forexample,C.See also Baumgravity and specific gravity.E201,E15.23density(of gases)the mass of a unit volume of a gas at astated temperature and pressure.The units shall