1、Designation:E116914An American National StandardStandard Practice forConducting Ruggedness Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1169;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers conducting ruggedness tests.Thepurpose of a ruggedness test is to identify those factors thatstrongly influence the meas
3、urements provided by a specific testmethod and to estimate how closely those factors need to becontrolled.1.2 This practice restricts itself to designs with two levelsper factor.The designs require the simultaneous change of thelevels of all of the factors,thus permitting the determination ofthe eff
4、ects of each of the factors on the measured results.1.3 The system of units for this practice is not specified.Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only asillustrations of calculation methods.The examples are notbinding on products or test methods treated.1.4 This standard does not p
5、urport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E456
6、 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE1325 Terminology Relating to Design of ExperimentsE1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developingand Applying Test MethodsF2082 Test Method for Determination of TransformationTemperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloysby Bend and Fre
7、e Recovery3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terminology defined in TerminologyE456 applies to this practice unless modified herein.3.1.1 fractional factorial design,na factorial experimentin which only an adequately chosen fraction of the treatmentsrequired for the complete factorial experiment is sel
8、ected to berun.E13253.1.2 level(of a factor),na given value,a specification ofprocedure or a specific setting of a factor.E13253.1.3 Plackett-Burman designs,na set of screening de-signs using orthogonal arrays that permit evaluation of thelinear effects of up to n=t1 factors in a study of t treatmen
9、tcombinations.E13253.1.4 ruggedness,ninsensitivity of a test method to de-partures from specified test or environmental conditions.3.1.4.1 DiscussionAn evaluation of the“ruggedness”of atest method or an empirical model derived from an experimentis useful in determining whether the results or decisio
10、ns will berelatively invariant over some range of environmental variabil-ity under which the test method or the model is likely to beapplied.3.1.5 ruggedness test,na planned experiment in whichenvironmental factors or test conditions are deliberately variedin order to evaluate the effects of such va
11、riation.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSince there usually are many environ-mental factors that might be considered in a ruggedness test,itis customary to use a“screening”type of experiment designwhich concentrates on examining many first order effects andgenerally assumes that second order effects such as inter
12、actionsand curvature are relatively negligible.Often in evaluating theruggedness of a test method,if there is an indication that theresults of a test method are highly dependent on the levels ofthe environmental factors,there is a sufficient indication thatcertain levels of environmental factors mus
13、t be included in thespecifications for the test method,or even that the test methoditself will need further revision.3.1.6 screening design,na balanced design,requiringrelatively minimal amount of experimentation,to evaluate thelower order effects of a relatively large number of factors interms of c
14、ontributions to variability or in terms of estimates ofparameters for a model.E13253.1.7 test result,nthe value of a characteristic obtained bycarrying out a specified test method.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E11 on Qual
15、ity andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test MethodEvaluation and Quality Control.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published May 2014.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as E1169 13a.DOI:10.1520/E1169-14.2For referenced ASTM stand
16、ards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.1 factor,ntest variable that may affect either the resultobtained from the use of a test method or the variability of thatresult.3.2.1.1 DiscussionFor experimental purposes,facto