1、Designation:E116918An American National StandardStandard Practice forConducting Ruggedness Tests1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1169;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A nu
2、mber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers conducting ruggedness tests.Thepurpose of a ruggedness test is to identify those factors thatstrongly influence the meas
3、urements provided by a specific testmethod and to estimate how closely those factors need to becontrolled.1.2 This practice restricts itself to designs with two levelsper factor.The designs require the simultaneous change of thelevels of all of the factors,thus permitting the determination ofthe eff
4、ects of each of the factors on the measured results.1.3 The system of units for this practice is not specified.Dimensional quantities in the practice are presented only asillustrations of calculation methods.The examples are notbinding on products or test methods treated.1.4 This standard does not p
5、urport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard
6、was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced
7、 Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and StatisticsE1325 Terminology Relating to Design of ExperimentsE1488 Guide for Statistical Procedures to Use in Developingand Applying Test MethodsE2282 Guide for Defining the Test Result of a Test MethodF2082 Test Method for Deter
8、mination of TransformationTemperature of Nickel-Titanium Shape Memory Alloysby Bend and Free Recovery3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsThe terminology defined in TerminologyE456 applies to this practice unless modified herein.3.1.1 fractional factorial design,na factorial experimentin which only an adequa
9、tely chosen fraction of the treatmentsrequired for the complete factorial experiment is selected to berun.E13253.1.2 level(of a factor),na given value,a specification ofprocedure or a specific setting of a factor.E13253.1.3 Plackett-Burman designs,na set of screening de-signs using orthogonal arrays
10、 that permit evaluation of thelinear effects of up to n=t 1 factors in a study of t treatmentcombinations.E13253.1.4 ruggedness,ninsensitivity of a test method to de-partures from specified test or environmental conditions.3.1.4.1 DiscussionAn evaluation of the“ruggedness”of atest method or an empir
11、ical model derived from an experimentis useful in determining whether the results or decisions will berelatively invariant over some range of environmental variabil-ity under which the test method or the model is likely to beapplied.3.1.5 ruggedness test,na planned experiment in whichenvironmental f
12、actors or test conditions are deliberately variedin order to evaluate the effects of such variation.3.1.5.1 DiscussionSince there usually are many environ-mental factors that might be considered in a ruggedness test,itis customary to use a“screening”type of experiment designwhich concentrates on exa
13、mining many first order effects andgenerally assumes that second order effects such as interactionsand curvature are relatively negligible.Often in evaluating theruggedness of a test method,if there is an indication that theresults of a test method are highly dependent on the levels ofthe environmen
14、tal factors,there is a sufficient indication thatcertain levels of environmental factors must be included in thespecifications for the test method,or even that the test methoditself will need further revision.3.1.6 screening design,na balanced design,requiringrelatively minimal amount of experimenta
15、tion,to evaluate thelower order effects of a relatively large number of factors in1This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E11 on Quality andStatistics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E11.20 on Test MethodEvaluation and Quality Control.Current edition approved Sept.
16、1,2018.Published September 2018.Originallyapproved in 1987.Last previous edition approved in 2017 as E1169 171.DOI:10.1520/E1169-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standar