1、Designation:E182413Standard Test Method forAssignment of a Glass Transition Temperature UsingThermomechanical Analysis:Tension Method1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1824;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of re
2、vision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the assignmentof a glass transition temperature(Tg)of materials
3、on heatingusing thermomechanical measurements in tension.1.2 This test method may be used as a complement to TestMethod E1545 and is applicable to amorphous or to partiallycrystalline materials in the form of films,fibers,wires,etc.,thatare sufficiently rigid to inhibit extension during loading atam
4、bient temperature.1.3 The generally applicable temperature range for this testmethod is 100 to 600C.This temperature range may bealtered depending upon the instrumentation used.1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.
5、1.5 There is no ISO method equivalent to this standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of
6、 regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-ologyE1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical PropertiesE1545 Test Method for Assignment of the Glass TransitionTemperature by Thermomechanical AnalysisE2602 Test
7、Method for the Assignment of the Glass Transi-tion Temperature by Modulated Temperature DifferentialScanning Calorimetry3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 The following terms are applicable to this test methodand can be found in Terminology E473 and TerminologyE1142:thermomechanicalanalysis(TMA),the
8、rmodilatometry,glass transition,and glass transition tem-perature.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 This test method uses thermomechanical analysis equip-ment(thermomechanical analyzer,dilatometer,or similar de-vice)with the test specimen in tension to determine the changein dimension of a thin specimen o
9、bserved when the material issubjected to a constant heating rate through the glass transitionregion.This change in dimension associated with the changefrom vitreous solid to amorphous liquid is observed as move-ment of a sensing probe in direct contact with the specimen andis recorded as a function
10、of temperature.The intersection of theextrapolation of the slope of the probe displacement curvebefore and after the transition is used to determine a tempera-ture that is assigned as the glass transition temperature.5.Significance and Use5.1 The glass transition is dependent on the thermal history,
11、softening agents or additives of the material to be tested.Foramorphous and semicrystalline materials the assignment of aglass transition temperature may lead to important informationabout thermal history,processing conditions,stability,progressof chemical reactions,and mechanical and electrical beh
12、avior.5.2 Thermomechanical analysis provides a rapid means ofdetecting changes in hardness or linear dimensional changeassociated with the glass transition.Dimensional changesmeasured as a specimen is heated over the glass transitionregion may include the interaction of several effects:anincrease in
13、 the coefficient of expansion,a decrease in themodulus,which under a constant stress leads to increasedextension,stress relief leading to irreversible dimensionalchange(shrinkage in one dimension,expansion in anotherdimension),and physical aging effects which change thekinetics of the dimensional ch
14、ange.1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 on ThermalMeasurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 onFundamental,Statistical and Mechanical Properties.Current edition approved Aug.1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous
15、edition approved in 2009 as E1824 091.DOI:10.1520/E1824-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyrig
16、ht ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 5.3 This test method is useful for research and development,quality control,and specification acceptance testing;particu-larly of films and fibers.6.Interferences6.1 This test method may be used for materials having aglass transition at or below ambient temperature providing careis taken to avoid exposing the specimen to a tensile force priorto cooling the specimen below its glass transition.Ap