1、Designation:E229913Standard Guide forSensory Evaluation of Products by Children and Minors1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2299;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number i
2、n parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard guide provides a framework for under-standing the issues relating to conducting sensory and marketresearch studies with children.It r
3、ecommends and providesexamples for developing ethical,safe,and valid testing meth-ods.It focuses specifically on the concerns relevant to testingwith children from birth through preadolescence.The guideassumes that minors older than 15 years of age are generallycapable of performing sensory tests li
4、ke adults,and therefore,all standard procedures used with adult subjects apply.The oneexception,however,is legal consent where parental/legalguardian permission should be obtained for anyone under 18years of age.1.2 The guide will take into account the wide range ofchildrens physical,emotional,and c
5、ognitive levels of devel-opment.It will prove useful for developing tasks that areunderstandable to children.It recommends alternative modesfor children to communicate their opinions or perceptions backto the researcher,such as appropriate scales and measures.1.3 The ethical standard presented in th
6、is document shouldbe viewed as a minimum requirement for testing with minors.The safety and protection of children as respondents,as well asan attitude of respect for the value of their input should be ofprimary concern to the researcher.1.4 The considerations raised in this document may also beusef
7、ul when testing with the elderly or with adults who havedevelopmental handicaps.1.5 This document is not intended to be a complete descrip-tion of reliable sensory testing techniques and methodologies.It focuses instead on special considerations for the specificapplication of sensory techniques when
8、 testing with children.Itassumes knowledge of basic sensory and statistical analysistechniques.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E253 Terminology Relating to Sensory Evaluation of Mate-rials and ProductsE1958 Guide for Sensory Claim Substantiation2.2 ASTM Publications3ASTM Manual 26 Sensory
9、Testing Methods:Second Edi-tion Guidelines for the Selection and Training of SensoryPanel Members,ASTM STP 758,ASTM International,19813.Summary of GuideSpecific Applications for TestingWith Children3.1 The primary use of children in sensory studies is tomeasure the acceptability of foods,beverages,p
10、harmaceuticalcolors and flavors,and other products designed to be marketedto,consumed by,or used by children.3.2 In this sense,they answer many of the same questionsposed by affective sensory tests with adults.Children are usedto measure overall acceptance,liking,or preference betweensamples.The res
11、ulting information can be used to aid informulation changes or to choose between alternative products.3.3 Sensory testing with children can also be used toidentify unique characteristics or functions of products,such asthe effectiveness of childproof safety caps.Other applicationsinclude advertising
12、 research or identification of unfilled needsor wants as part of the product development process(see GuideE1958).3.4 Finally,some organizations are using children for basicresearch into the effectiveness of different scaling methods orsensory testing methodologies with children of varying ages.4.Sig
13、nificance and Use4.1 It is necessary and useful to test with children becausethey represent the real end-users for many products.Someproducts are developed specifically for children,and some are1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E18 on SensoryEvaluation and is the direct respons
14、ibility of Subcommittee E18.05 on SensoryApplications-General.Current edition approved Oct.1,2013.Published November 2013.Originallyapproved in 2003.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as E2299 11.DOI:10.1520/E2299-13.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact AS
15、TM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from ASTM International Headquarters,100 Barr Harbor Drive,POBox C700,West Conshohocken,PA 194282959.Copyright ASTM International,100
16、Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 dual-purpose products that are intended for adults and children.Examples include:baby foods,diapers,ready-to-eat cereal,juices,food or lunch kits,candy,toys,vitamins and otherpharmaceuticals,music and videos,interactive learning tools,and packaging.4.2 Children have influence over adults purchase decisionsand are responsible for many or some of their own purchasedecisions.4.3 Creating a product for children requires inp