1、Designation:E193499a(Reapproved 2018)Standard Guide forExamining Electrical and Mechanical Equipment withInfrared Thermography1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1934;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,
2、the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide lists the responsibilities of the end user andthe infrared thermographer when examining electrical a
3、ndmechanical systems.1.2 This guide outlines the specific content required todocument qualitative and quantitative infrared examinations ofelectrical and mechanical equipment.21.3 This guide may involve use of equipment and materialsin the presence of heated,moving or all of these or electricallyene
4、rgized equipment.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations
5、prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technica
6、lBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:3E1316 Terminology for Nondestructive Examinations3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 end userthe person responsible for using the infor-mation provided by an infrared examination.3.1.2 exceptionan abnormally warm or cool conne
7、ctor,conductor,or component.3.1.3 infrared examinationthe use of an infrared imagingsystem to provide thermal data about a structure,system,object,or process.3.1.4 inventory lista list of the equipment by the infraredthermographer.3.1.5 qualified assistanta person provided and authorizedby the end u
8、ser to perform the tasks required by the infraredthermographer.He/she shall be knowledgeable of the operationand history of the equipment to be examined and of all safetypractices and rules of the end user.3.1.6 qualitative infrared inspectionan infrared examina-tion that provides images of exceptio
9、ns but not temperaturedata.3.1.7 quantitative infrared inspectionan infrared examina-tion that provides both images of exceptions and temperaturedata.3.2 See also Terminology E1316.4.Significance and Use4.1 This guide can be used by an end user to specify infraredexaminations of electrical and mecha
10、nical equipment and aninfrared thermographer to perform them.4.2 This guide lists the joint responsibilities of the end userand the infrared thermographer when using infrared thermog-raphy.4.3 The purpose of an infrared examination is to identifyand document exceptions in the end users electrical or
11、mechanical systems,or both.4.3.1 In electrical equipment,warm exceptions are usuallycreated by an increase in resistance caused by loose ordeteriorated connections,short circuits,overloads,load imbal-ances or faulty,mismatched or improperly installed compo-nents.Cool exceptions are usually caused by
12、 failed compo-nents.4.3.2 In mechanical equipment,warm exceptions are usu-ally created by friction caused by improper lubrication,misalignment,worn components,or mechanical loadinganomalies.Cool exceptions are usually caused by failedcomponents.1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee
13、 E07 on Nondestruc-tive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.10 on SpecializedNDT Methods.Current edition approved Nov.1,2018.Published December 2018.Originallyapproved in 1997.Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E1934-99a(2014).DOI:10.1520/E1934-99AR18.2This guide is a
14、dapted from the Guideline for Infrared Inspection and Mechani-cal Systems developed by Infraspection Institute,425 Ellis Street,Burlington,NJ08016.3For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards vo
15、lume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardi
16、zation established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 4.3.3 Exceptions in insulation systems are usually caused bymissing or deteriorated materials,improper installation,orinsufficient amounts of material.4.4 Providing opinions about the causes of exceptions,theintegrity of the equipment,or recommendations for correctiveactions require knowledge a