1、Designation:E141591(Reapproved 2012)Standard Guide forConducting Static Toxicity Tests With Lemna gibba G31This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1415;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last rev
2、ision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes procedures for obtaining laboratorydata concerning the adverse effects of a text material added togrowth mediu
3、m on a certain species of duckweed(Lemnagibba G3)during a 7-day exposure using the static technique.These procedures will probably be useful for conductingtoxicity tests with other species of duckweed and other floatingvascular plants,although modifications might be necessary.1.2 Special needs or ci
4、rcumstances might also justify modi-fication of this standard.Although using appropriate proce-dures is more important than following prescribed procedures,results of tests conducted using unusual procedures are notlikely to be comparable to results of many other tests.Com-parison of results obtaine
5、d using modified and unmodifiedversions of these procedures might provide useful informationconcerning new concepts and procedures for conducting testswith duckweed.1.3 The procedures in this guide are applicable to mostchemicals,either individually or in formulations,commercialproducts,or known mix
6、tures.With appropriate modificationsthese procedures can be used to conduct tests on temperatureand pH and on such other materials as aqueous effluents(seealso Guide E1192),leachates,oils,particulate matter,sedi-ments and surface waters.These procedures do not specificallyaddress effluents because t
7、o date there is little experience usingduckweeds in effluent testing and such tests may pose problemswith acclimation of the test organisms to the receiving water.Static tests might not be applicable to materials that have a highoxygen demand,are highly volatile,are rapidly biologically orchemically
8、 transformed in aqueous solution,or are removedfrom test solutions in substantial quantities by the test cham-bers or organisms during the test.1.4 Results of toxicity tests performed using the proceduresin this guide should usually be reported in terms of the 7-dayIC50 based on inhibition of growth
9、.In some situations it mightonly be necessary to determine whether a specific concentra-tion unacceptably affects the growth of the test species orwhether the IC50 is above or below a specific concentration.Another end point that may be calculated is the no observedeffect concentration(NOEC).1.5 The
10、 sections of this guide appear as follows:TitleSectionReferenced Documents2Terminology3Summary of Guide4Significance and Use5Hazards6Apparatus7Facilities7.1Test Chambers7.2Cleaning7.3Acceptability7.4Growth Medium8Test Material9General9.1Stock Solution9.2Test Concentration(s)9.3Test Organisms10Specie
11、s10.1Source10.2Stock Culture10.3Procedure11Experimental Design11.1Temperature11.2Illumination11.3Beginning the Test11.4Duration of Test11.5Biological Data11.6Other Measurements11.7Analytical Methodology12Acceptability of Test13Calculation of Results14Report151.6 This standard does not purport to add
12、ress all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and to determine theapplicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specifichazard statements are given in Section 6.2.Referen
13、ced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:21This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E50 on EnvironmentalAssessment,Risk Management and Corrective Action and is the direct responsibil-ity of Subcommittee E50.47 on Biological Effects and Environmental Fate.Current edition approved Dec.1,2012.Publi
14、shed December 2012.Originallyapproved in 1991.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E1415 91(2004).DOI:10.1520/E1415-91R12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,ref
15、er to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 E729 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on TestMaterials with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and Amphib-iansE943 Terminology Re
16、lating to Biological Effects and Envi-ronmental FateE1023 Guide for Assessing the Hazard of a Material toAquatic Organisms and Their UsesE1192 Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aque-ous Ambient Samples and Effluents with Fishes,Macroinvertebrates,and AmphibiansE1218 Guide for Conducting Static Toxicity Tests withMicroalgaeIEEE/ASTM SI 10 American National Standard for Use ofthe International System of Units(SI):The Modern MetricSystem3.Terminology3.1 The words must,should,may,can,and