1、This international standard was developed in accordance with internationallyognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment ofInternational Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)C
2、ommittee.Designation:E2300-09(Reapproved 2017)NTERNATIONALStandard Specification forHighway Traffic Monitoring Devices1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2300;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision.the year
3、 of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scopeis expected to operate in conformity with the requirements1.1 This specification describes the recommended proce-developed
4、 through this specification.dure for identifying the performance and operating require-1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedments to be included in a purchase order for Traffic Monitoringas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalDevices.As such,the specificat
5、ion can be referenced by theconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyuser and seller when determining compliance with each speci-and are not considered standard.fied requirement.It is the intent of this specification to have the1.5 This standard does not purport to address all o
6、f theuser require the seller to provide evidence that the brand andsafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is themodel of TMD offered by the seller has passed an applicableresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-Type-approval Test.If the TMD has not previously passed
7、 apriate safety and health practices and determine the applica-Type-approval Test,then it is the intent of this specification tobility of regulatory limitations prior to use.have the device type-approved before it is accepted by the user.If the TMD has previously passed a Type-approval Test,then2.Re
8、ferenced Documentsthis specification requires that the production version of thedevice provided by the seller pass an On-site Verification Test2.1 ASTM Standards:2before being accepted by the user.E867 Terminology Relating to Vehicle-Pavement SystemsE1318 Specification for Highway Weigh-In-Motion(WI
9、M)1.2 Traffic Monitoring Device-A Traffic Monitoring De-Systems with User Requirements and Test Methodsvice(TMD)is equipment that counts and classifies vehiclesE2532 Test Methods for Evaluating Performance of High-and measures vehicle flow characteristics such as vehicleway Traffic Monitoring Device
10、sspeed,lane occupancy,turning movements,intervehicle gaps,and other parameters typically used to portray traffic move-3.Terminologyment.TMDs usually contain a sensing element that convertsthe signal-generating phenomenon(such as,air pulse generated3.1 Definitions of terms and definitions of terms sp
11、ecific toby a vehicle tire passing over a pneumatic tube)into anthis specification are given below.electrical signal and electronics that amplify,filter,and other-3.2 Definitions:wise condition the signal.Some TMDs provide outputs as relay3.2.1 axle,n-axis oriented transversely to the nominalor soli
12、d-state switch closures,while others contain signaldirection of vehicle motion,and extending the full width of theprocessing that translates the signal into the required vehiclevehicle,about which the wheels at both ends rotate.E867.and vehicle flow data.TMDs whose outputs are relay or solidE1318)st
13、ate switch closures may be connected to roadside controllers,3.2.2 axle count,n-number of vehicle axles enumerated atwhich process the switch-closure information and convert ita point on a lane or roadway during a specified time interval.into vehicle flow data.(E867)1.3 Characterization of Traffic M
14、onitoring Devices-This3.2.3 vehicle,n-one or more mobile units coupled togetherspecification classifies Traffic Monitoring Devices by thefor travel on a highway:a vehicle contains one powered unitfunctions they perform,the data they provide,the requiredand may include one or more non-powered full-tr
15、ailer oraccuracy of the data,and the conditions under which the devicesemi-trailer units.(E867)3.3 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E17 on VehiclePavement Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E17.52 onTr
16、affic Monitoring.2 For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org.orCurrent edition approved Jan.1.2017.Published January 2017.Originallycontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of A.STMapproved in 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2300-09.DOI
17、:Standards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page on10.1520/E2300-09R17.the ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700.West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesCopyright ASTM IntemationalE2300-09(2017)3.3.1 accepted reference value,n-a pa
18、rticular quantity(for example,flow rate or number of axles and their spacing),(number of vehicles in a particular class defined by number ofor one or more distinctive features of the vehicle such as heightaxles and interaxle spacings,vehicle count,lane occupancy,oror mass.vehicle speed)that is agree
19、d upon by the user and seller in3.3.13 speed,n-rate of vehicle motion expressed as dis-advance of testing of a TMD,which has an uncertaintytance per unit of time.appropriate for the given purpose.3.3.14 time stamp,n-recorded date and time at which a3.3.2 accuracy,n-closeness of agreement between a v
20、aluemeasurement was made;information and format may beindicated by a TMD and an accepted reference value.tailored to the application,but usually consists of month,day,3.3.3 correct detection,n-an indication by a TMD that ayear,hour,minute,second,and subsecond.vehicle actually passing over the detect
21、ion area of the TMD is3.3.15 tolerance,n-allowable deviation of a value indi-detected by the TMD.cated by the device under test or a device in service from an3.3.4 data item,n-characteristic associated with individualaccepted reference value.vehicles(count,class,and speed)or the continuum of vehicle
22、s3.3.16 traffic monitoring device,n-equipment that countsat a location(density,flow rate,and queue length).and classifies vehicles and measures vehicle flow characteris-3.3.5 detection area,n-road surface area above which atics such as vehicle speed,lane occupancy,turning movements,sensor detects a
23、vehicle or vehicle component.and other items typically used to portray traffic movement.3.3.6 device identifier;n-information output by a TMD that3.3.17 vehicle class by axle,n-characterization of a vehicleincludes,as a minimum,the model and serial number of theby its number of axles and interaxle s
24、pacing.device.3.3.18 vehicle class by length,n-characterization of ve-3.3.7 electronics unit,n-device that provides power to onehicles by their total length.or more sensors,filters and amplifies the signals produced by3.3.19 vehicle count(volume),n-total number of vehiclesthe sensors,and may perform
25、 other functions such as sensitiv-observed or predicted to pass a point on a lane or roadwayity adjustment,failure indication,and delayed actuation ofduring a specified time interval.traffic control signals.*3.3.20 vehicle passage,n-sensor output pulse signal pro-3.3.8 false detection,n-an indicatio
26、n by a TMD that aduced when an initial vehicle detection is made in the detectionvehicle not actually passing over the detection area of the TMDarea of the sensor.is detected by the TMD.33.3.21 vehicle presence,n-sensor output signal produced3.3.9 flow rate,n-number of vehicles passing a given point
27、the entire time a vehicle is detected in the detection area of theor section of a lane or roadway during a designated timesensor.interval,usually 15 min,but expressed as an equivalent hourlyrate in vehicles/h.4.Significance and Use3.3.10 lane occupancy,n-percent of selected time interval4.1 The accu
28、racy required of a TMD for data acquisitionthat vehicles are detected in the detection area of a sensor;theand characterization of vehicles and traffic flow parameters istime interval during which the lane occupancy is measured isrelated to the traffic management or data reporting taskusually 20 s t
29、o 30 s.supported by the device.The TMD to be procured shall be3.3.11 missed detection,n-an indication by a TMD that aspecified by designating a Type from Table 1,a tolerance forvehicle actually passing over the detection area of the TMD iseach data item required,and the conditions under which thenot
30、 detected by the TMD.3device is expected to operate within the requirements devel-oped through this specification.For example,if a Traffic3.3.12 sensor;n-device for acquiring a signal that providesCounting device is desired to provide axle counts to withindata to indicate the presence or passage of
31、a vehicle or of a5%tolerance,then specify a Type I-1,5%tolerance device.vehicle component over the detection area with respect to timeIf a Speed Monitoring device is desired to provide the numberof vehicles correctly detected to within 5%tolerance andspeed to within 10%tolerance,then specify a Type
32、IV-13 The terms correct detection,false detection,and missed detection,ratherdevice with a 5%tolerance on the number of individualthan the aggregated vehicle count metric,are recommended as metrics forvehicles correctly detected and a 10%tolerance on vehicledetermining the ability of a TMD to accura
33、tely detect vehicles.Aggregatedspeed measurement.If a combination Speed Monitoring andmeasurements,such as vehicle count over a time interval,can obscure the actualaccuracy of a TMD since failures to detect are often canceled by false detections.Traffic Signal Control device is desired to provide th
34、e numberTherefore,evaluation methods based upon aggregated metrics can provide mislead-of vehicles correctly detected to within 5%tolerance,speeding conclusions concerning the ability of a TMD to correctly detect vehicles.to within 10%tolerance,vehicle presence to within 10%Klein,L.A.,Gibson,D.,and
35、Mills,M.K.,Traffic Detector Handbook:ThirdEdition,FHWA-HRT-06-108(Vol.I)and FHWA-HRT-06-139(Vol.II).U.S.tolerance,and lane occupancy to within 20%tolerance,thenDepartment of Transportation,Federal Highway Administration,Washington,DC,specify a combination Type IV-1 device with a 5%toleranceOct.2006.
36、Also available at:http:/www.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/06108/and http:/on the number of individual vehicles correctly detected and awww.tfhrc.gov/its/pubs/06139/.5 Different sensor models or technologies used to measure lane occupancy may10%tolerance on vehicle speed measurement and Type VI-1have different
37、detection area sizes and,hence,produce different occupancy valuesdevice with a 10%vehicle presence tolerance and a 20%lanealthough all devices are operating properly.occupancy tolerance.The associated operating conditions shallCopyright ASTM Intemationa2E2300-09(2017)TABLE 1 Traffic Monitoring Devic
38、e Functions,Types,Detected Vehicle Characteristics,and Data Recorded/Specified Time IntervalFunctionTypeDetected Vehicle CharacteristicData Recorded/Specified TimeIntervalI-Traffic Counting1-1axle passagenumber of axles1-2vehicle passagenumber of vehicles1-3vehicle presencenumber of vehiclesll-Traff
39、icll-1vehicle passage,number of axles.Counting/Classifying(classification by number ofnumber of axles,number of vehicles per classaxlesand interaxle spacingsvehicle speed,and interaxle spacings)during vehicle passagevehicle class by number of axlesand interaxle spacings1l-2vehicle passagenumber of v
40、ehicles,(classification by length)and speedvehicle speed,vehicle length and class.vehicle presence,lane occupancyIll-IncidentIll-1vehicle passage.number of vehicles.Detection Datapresence,and speedvehicle speed,vehicle presence.or lane occupancyIV-Speed MonitoringIV-1speednumber of vehicles.vehicle
41、speedV-Metering DataV-1vehicle presencenumber of vehicles.(Ramp,Mainline,orvehicle presence,Freeway-to-Freeway)or lane occupancyVI-Signal Control DataV-1vehicle presencenumber of vehicles.vehicle presence,or lane occupancyVIl-Enforcement AidVl-1speedvehicle speed(speed)Vll-2location of front of vehi
42、cle.number of vehicles(red signal)red signal indicationand violationsVill-3vehicle locationvehicle presence.(dimension)and specified overall dimensionsspecified overall dimensionsThe user shall specify the recording of device identifier and time stamp data when needed.TABLE 2 Installation and Operat
43、ing Requirements for Potential Inclusion in TMD Purchase SpecificationsEnvironmentInstallationambient temperatureweight and size limitationshumiditymounting or other installation constraintslightingpower availabilitysun position and anglepower surge and lightning resistanceprecipitation types(snow,r
44、ain,hail)input power interfaceother atmospheric obscurants(fog,dust)special cables and connectorsvibration and shockwind.Setup and Calibrationoperating and calibration software.Vehicle Characteristicsoperating,installation,and repair manualsvehicle class mixvehicle-to-vehicle gaps required to define
45、 vehicle flowMiscellaneousrate and to evaluate TMD detection accuracyfail safe operation if device fails.Output Data Itemswarrantydata recording intervalsoftware upgrades and product maintenancedata communication linkother pertinent items affecting installationoperation,maintenance,and storagedata i
46、nterfacedata displaybe specified by the user through consideration of requirementssuch as those shown in Table 2.Copyright ASTM Intemationa3E2300-09(2017)5.Ordering Information5.2.1.1 The percent difference for the number of correctly5.1 Type-The user shall specify a TMD by a type identifierdetected
47、 vehicles is given by(that is,indicator of the vehicle characteristics detected by thePercent Difference=(2)TMD to support the function)as described in Table 1.atolerance for each required data item as described in 5.2,andTMD Ouput Value for Comrectly Detected Vehicles-ARV0the conditions under which
48、 the device will be operated.TableARV1 also lists the detected vehicle characteristics(that is,dataThus a TMD that correctly detects 1539 vehicles when theacquired by the TMD by which a vehicle or vehicle flowaccepted reference value is 1600 is said to have correctlymeasured the number of vehicles t
49、o within a+3.8 toler-condition is distinguished)and the data recorded per specifiedance.time interval for each type of TMD.In addition,the user shallspecify the recording of a device identifier and time stamp data5.2.1.2 The percent difference for the number of falselywhen needed.The same data may s
50、upport more than onedetected vehicles is given byfunction as shown by the entries in the last column of the table.Percent Difference=(3)The measurement units that typically correspond to TMD dataare listed in Table 3.Weigh-in-motion sensors and systems areTMD Output Value for Falsely Detected Vehicl
51、es-ARV100treated in Specification E1318.ARVFor example,if the number of falsely detected vehicles is 405.2 Tolerance-The user shall specify a tolerance for eachand the accepted reference value is 1600,the TMD is said torequired data item output by the TMD.A TMD that records orhave falsely detected+2
52、.5 of the vehiclesoutputs multiple data items may have different tolerancesspecified for each data item as explained in Section 4.If the5.2.1.3 The percent difference for the number of missedTMD is a vehicle classifier.the tolerance may be specified bydetections is given bythe user to apply to the i
53、ndividual classes identified by thePercent Difference=(4)device or to the aggregate of all vehicle classes identified.Thetolerance should be specified by the user in a manner that isTMD Output Value for Missed Detections ARVARV100consistent with the application supported by the TMD outputdata.Accord
54、ingly,the tolerance of the TMD may be specifiedFor example,if the number of missed vehicle detections isin three ways,namely as percent difference,single-interval15 and the accepted reference value is 1600,the TMD issaid to have missed the detection of+0.9 of the vehicles.absolute value difference,o
55、r multiple-interval absolute valuedifference.5.2.2 Single-interval Absolute Value Difference-A single-5.2.1 Percent Difference-Percent difference is defined asinterval absolute value difference(SAVD)specifies a singlean absolute value given by:maximum allowable deviation of the TMD output with respe
56、ctNorE 1-In the following equations,ARV=Accepted Reference Value.to the comparable accepted reference value.Thus,SAVD=TMD Output Value-ARV(5)Percent Diference=TMD Output value-ARV1)(1The SAVD expressed by Eq 5 is stated in units that corre-ARVspond to the data item indicated.For example.a maximumExa
57、mples of tolerances that are specified as a percentdifference of 3 mph(5 km/h)is specified for the measure-difference value are 1,5,10,or 20%Thus a tolerance of 10%ment of vehicle speed within a single user-defined speedinterval,say 10 to 80 mph(16 to 130 km/h),inclusive.implies an allowable deviati
58、on of+10%from the comparableaccepted reference value for the data item indicated.Tolerance5.2.2.1 The SAVD for correctly detected vehicles,falselyin percent is equal to 100 minus the accuracy when accuracy isdetected vehicles,and missed detections is defined by Eq 6,Eqexpressed as a percent.7,and Eq
59、 8,respectively,asTABLE 3 Data Items and UnitsData ItemUnitaxle countaxeinteraxle spacingfoot(metre)vehicle countvehicle(also implies vehicle passage)(binary on/off)speedmph(km/h)4vehicle class by number of axles and spacingFHWA class number or other schemevehicle class by lengthfoot(metre)vehicle p
60、resencesecond4lane occupancypercent4time stampmonth,day.year.hour,minute.second,subsecondenforcement specificbinary(on/off):foot(metre)4(marker synchronized to traffic signal red indication.over all vehicle dimensionASubunits to be specified by the user.See Specification E1318,paragraph 5.2 or Test
61、Methods E2532,paragraph 7.2.7.5.Copyright ASTM Intemational4E2300-09(2017)SAVD=TMD Output Value for Correctly Detected Vehicles-ARVOn-site Verification Test,is applicable to production versions(6)of TMDs that have previously passed a type-approval test andare being offered to the user by the seller.
62、The rigorousSAVD TMD Output Value for Falsely Detected Vehicles ARVType-approval Test verifies the functionality of all features of(7)the TMD and the accuracy of the data item outputs whenSAVD TMD Output Value for Missed Detections-ARV(8)monitoring vehicle flows consisting of a mix of all anticipate
63、d5.2.3 Multiple-interval Absolute Value Difference-Avehicle classes under the specified operating conditions.Themultiple-interval absolute value difference(MAVD)specifies aOn-site Verification Test provides the TMD user and seller withdifferent allowable deviation in TMD output with respect to thea
64、means for determining whether the production verison of acomparable accepted reference value for each interval of dataTMD installed at a particular site meets the performance anditem values included in the TMD specification.Thus,theuser requirements identified in this specification.MAVD permits diff
65、erent deviations to be established fordistinct intervals of the measured data item.The MAVD is7.Product Markingcalculated using Eq 5-8,but with the appropriate accepted7.1 The user shall specify information to be marked on thereference value inserted for the interval under consideration.label or tag
66、 attached to the device.Such information shallThe difference is stated in units that correspond to the data iteminclude the name,brand,or trademark of the manufacturer;indicated.For example.a maximum difference of 3 mphmodel number;serial number;ASTM standard used to specify(5 km/h)is required when
67、measuring the speed of vehiclesor test the device:and any other desired information.traveling at or above 55 mph(88 km/h),but a maximumdifference of I mph(2 km/h)is required for vehicles traveling8.Quality Assurancebelow 55 mph(88 km/h).8.1 When included in the TMD specification,this require-5.3 Con
68、ditions Under Which TMD Will Perform-The userment shall be qualified by the statement:When specified inshall specify operating and test conditions that are applicable tothe purchase order or contract,the user shall be furnished withthe TMD being procured,such as those listed in Table 2.evidence that
69、 the purchased TMD has satisfied the require-5.4 Caution with Respect to Over Specifyingments of insert here the reference to a suitable standard,suchRequirements-Specifying performance requirements beyondas those approved by ASTM International,ANSI,MIL.IEEE.those actually needed for the application
70、 may place unneces-and so forth.”sary burdens on the sellers and may increase purchase,test,andservice costs.9.Keywords9.1 correct detection;data item:detector:false detection;6.Acceptance Testincident detection;interaxle spacing:lane occupancy;missed6.1 One of two categories of acceptance tests sha
71、ll bedetection;sensor;traffic monitoring device;vehicle classifica-specified by the user as described in Test Methods E2532.Thetion;vehicle counter:vehicle detector:vehicle flow measure-first,the Type-approval Test,is intended for a brand and modelment;vehicle passage;vehicle presence;vehicle sensor
72、;ve-of TMD that has never been type-approved.The second,thehicle speedASTM Intemational takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentionedin this standard.Users of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any
73、 such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years andif not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invite
74、d either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM Intemational Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair
75、 hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM Intemational,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may
76、be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax).or service astm.org(e-mail);or through the ASTM website(www.astm.org).Permission rights to photocopy the standard may also be secured from the Copyright Clearance Center,222Rosewood Drive,Danvers,MA 01923,Tel:(978)646-2600;http:/ ASTM Intemational5