1、Designation:E238104(Reapproved 2010)Standard Guide forDosimetry In Radiation Processing of Fluidized Beds andFluid Streams1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2381;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the
2、year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide describes several dosimetry systems andmethods suitable for the documentation of the irradiation ofprodu
3、ct transported as fluid or in a fluidized bed.1.2 The sources of penetrating ionizing radiation included inthis guide are electron beams,X-rays(bremsstrahlung)andgamma rays.1.3 Absorbed doses from 10 to 100,000 gray are considered,including applications such as disinfestation,disinfection,bioburden
4、reduction,sterilization,crosslinking and graft modi-fication of products,particularly powders and aggregates.1.4 This guide does not purport to address the safetyconcerns,if any,associated with the use of fluidized beds andstreams incorporating sources of ionizing radiation.It is theresponsibility o
5、f the user of this guide to establish appropriatesafety and health practices and to determine compliance withregulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E170 Terminology Relating to Radiation Measurements andDosimetryE666 Practice for Calculating Absorbed Dose From
6、Gammaor X RadiationE1026 Practice for Using the Fricke Dosimetry SystemE2232 Guide for Selection and Use of Mathematical Meth-ods for Calculating Absorbed Dose in Radiation Process-ing ApplicationsF1355 Guide for Irradiation of FreshAgricultural Produce asa Phytosanitary TreatmentF1885 Guide for Irr
7、adiation of Dried Spices,Herbs,andVegetable Seasonings to Control Pathogens and OtherMicroorganisms2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards:51204 Standard Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradia-tion Facilities for Food Processing51261 Guide for Selection and Calibration of DosimetrySystems for Radiation Processing51
8、275 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Film DosimetrySystem51310 Practice for the Use of a Radiochromic OpticalWaveguide Dosimetry Systems51400 Practice for Characterization and Performance of aHigh-Dose Radiation Dosimetry Calibration Laboratory51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron and X-Ray(Bre
9、msstrahlung)Irradiation Facilities for Food Process-ing51538 Practice for Use of the Ethanol-Chlorobenzene Do-simetry System51540 Practice for Use of a Radiochromic Liquid DosimetrySystem51607Practice for Use of the Alanine-EPR DosimetrySystem51608 Practice for Dosimetry in an X-Ray(Bremsstrahlung)F
10、acility for Radiation Processing51649 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facilityfor Radiation Processing at Energies between 300 keV and25 MeV51702 Practice for Dosimetry in a Gamma Irradiation Facil-ity for Radiation Processing51707 Guide for Estimating Uncertainties in Dosimetry forRadiat
11、ion Processing51818 Practice for Dosimetry in an Electron Beam Facilityfor Radiation Processing at Energies Between 80 and 300keV51956 Practice for Application of Thermoluminescence Do-simetry(TLD)Systems for Radiation Processing1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E61 on Radiatio
12、nProcessing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E61.04 on SpecialtyApplication.Current edition approved Dec.1,2010.Published January 2011.Originallyapproved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2004 as E238104.DOI:10.1520/E2381-04R10.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM we
13、bsite,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 2.3
14、International Commission on Radiation Units and Mea-surements Reports3ICRU Report 14 Radiation Dosimetry:X-Rays and GammaRays with Maximum Photon Energies Between 0.6 and 50MeVICRU Report 17 Radiation Dosimetry:X-Rays Generated atPotentials of 5 to 150 kVICRU Report 30 International Comparison of Ra
15、diologicalUnits and Measurements:Quantitative Concepts and Do-simetry in RadiobiologyICRU Report 34 The Dosimetry of Pulsed RadiationICRU Report 35 Radiation Dosimetry:Electron Beams withEnergies Between 1 and 50 MeVICRU Report 37 Stopping Powers for Electrons and Posi-tronsICRU Report 60 Fundamenta
16、l Quantities and Units forIonizing Radiation2.4 National Committee for Radiation ProtectionNCRP Report 69 Dosimetry of X-Ray and Gamma-RayBeams for Radiation Therapy in the Energy Range 10 keVto 50 MeV3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 absorbed dose Dquantity of ionizing radiation en-ergy imparted per unit mass of a specified material.The SI unitof absorbed dose is the gray(Gy),where 1 gray is equivalentto the absorption of 1 joule per kilogram of the specifiedmaterial(1 Gy=1 J kg-1).The mathema