1、Designation:E199715Standard Practice for theSelection of Spacecraft Materials1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1997;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses
2、 indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The purpose of this practice is to aid engineers,designers,quality and reliability control engineers,materialsspecialists,and systems designers in the selection
3、 and controlof materials and processes for spacecraft,external portion ofmanned systems,or man-tended systems.Spacecraft systemsare very different from most other applications.Space environ-ments are very different from terrestrial environments and candramatically alter the performance and survivabi
4、lity of manymaterials.Reliability,long life,and inability to repair defectivesystems(or high cost and difficultly of repairs for mannedapplications)are characteristic of space applications.Thispractice also is intended to identify materials processes orapplications that may result in degraded or uns
5、atisfactoryperformance of systems,subsystems,or components.Ex-amples of successful and unsuccessful materials selections anduses are given in the appendices.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E595 Test Method for Total Mass Loss and Collected Vola-tile Condensable Materials from Outgassing in
6、 a VacuumEnvironmentG64 Classification of Resistance to Stress-Corrosion Crack-ing of Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys2.2 Marshall Space Flight Center(MSFC)Standard:MSFC-STD-3029 Guidelines to the Selection of MetallicMaterials for Stress Corrosion Cracking Resistance inSodium Chloride Environments32.
7、3 Military Standards:4MIL-STD-889 Dissimilar MaterialsMIL-HDBK-5 Metallic Materials and Elements for Aero-space Vehicle StructuresMIL-HDBK-17 Properties of Composite Materials2.4 European Space Agency(ESA)Standard:PSS-07/QRM-0 Guidelines for Space Materials Selection52.5 Federal Standard:QQ-A-250Alu
8、minum and Aluminum Alloy Plate andSheet,Federal Specification for43.Significance and Use3.1 This practice is a guideline for proper materials andprocess selection and application.The specific application oftheseguidelinesmusttakeintoaccountcontractualagreements,functional performance requirements fo
9、r particu-lar programs and missions,and the actual environments andexposures anticipated for each material and the equipment inwhich the materials are used.Guidelines are not replacementsfor careful and informed engineering judgment and evaluationsand all possible performance and design constraints
10、andrequirements cannot be foreseen.This practice is limited tounmanned systems and unmanned or external portions ofmanned systems,such as the Space Station.Generally,it isapplicable to systems in low earth orbit,synchronous orbit,andinterplanetary missions.Although many of the suggestions andcaution
11、s are applicable to both unmanned and mannedspacecraft,manned systems have additional constraints andrequirements for crew safety which may not be addressedadequately in unmanned designs.Because of the added con-straints and concerns for human-rated systems,these systemsare not addressed in this pra
12、ctice.4.Design Constraints4.1 Orbital EnvironmentThe actual environment in whichthe equipment is expected to operate must be identified anddefined.The exposures and requirements for material perfor-mance differ for various missions.Environment definitionincludes defining the range of temperature exp
13、osure,numberand rate of thermal cycles,extent of vacuum exposure,solarelectromagnetic radiation particulate radiation,(trapped by theearths magnetosphere,solar wind,solar flares,and gammarays)micrometeroids,launch loads and vibration,structural1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committ
14、ee E21 on SpaceSimulation and Applications of Space Technology and is the direct responsibility ofSubcommittee E21.05 on Contamination.Current edition approved Oct.1,2015.Published November 2015.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2012 as E1997 12.DOI:10.1520/E1997-15.2For r
15、eferenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Marshall Space Flight Center,AL 35812,or .4Available from U.S.Governmen
16、t Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,Mail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5European Space Agency,810,Rue Mario-Nikis,75738 Paris Cedex,France.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 loads,and so forth.Materials suitable for one orbit or missionenvironment may be unsuitable for others.The applicationsand requirements will define the suitability of the materials.4.2 Low Earth O