1、Designation:E2373/E2373M14Standard Practice forUse of the Ultrasonic Time of Flight Diffraction(TOFD)Technique1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2373/E2373M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the yearof original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year
2、of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 This practice establishes the requirements for develop-ing ultrasonic examination procedures using the ultrasonictechn
3、ique known as Time-of-Flight Diffraction(TOFD).1.2 Consistent with ASTM Policy,TOFD may be regardedas an ultrasonic test method whereby the qualities and charac-teristics of the item tested are evaluated,measured and in somecases identified.Measurements may be subject to precision andbias that may b
4、e determined statistically or as a function ofsome parameter(s)such as wavelength.This practice may beused for applications that would be qualitative and properlyaddressed as examinations as well as quantitative and moreproperly addressed as tests.1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pou
5、nd unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the standard.1.4 This standard does not purport to addre
6、ss all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2E164 Practice for C
7、ontact Ultrasonic Testing of WeldmentsE543 Specification for Agencies Performing NondestructiveTestingE1065 Practice for Evaluating Characteristics of UltrasonicSearch UnitsE1316 Terminology for Nondestructive ExaminationsE1324 Guide for Measuring Some Electronic Characteristicsof Ultrasonic Testing
8、 InstrumentsE1961 Practice for Mechanized Ultrasonic Testing of GirthWelds Using Zonal Discrimination with Focused SearchUnits2.2 ASNT Documents:3SNT-TC-1A Recommended Practice for NondestructiveTesting Personnel Qualification and CertificationANSI/ASNT CP-189 Standard for Qualification and Certifi-
9、cation of Nondestructive Testing Personnel2.3 Aerospace Industries Association Document:4NAS-410 Certification and Qualification of NondestructiveTesting Personnel2.4 ISO Standard:5ISO 9712 Non-destructive TestingQualification and Cer-tification of NDT Personnel2.5 Other Documents:Code Case 2235 ASM
10、E Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code6EN 583-6 Non-destructive Testing:Ultrasonic Examination.Time-of-flight Diffraction Technique as a Method forDetection and Sizing of Discontinuities3.Terminology3.1 DefinitionsRelated terminology is defined in Termi-nology E1316.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to T
11、his Standard:3.2.1 B-scan displaya sectional view of the plotted in-spection data formed by the stacking of A-scans.(Some usersrefer to stacked A-scans from non-parallel scans as D-scansand reserve those used with parallel scans as B-scans.)3.2.2 back-wall echoa specular reflection from the back-wal
12、l of the component being examined(usually assumed to bea plate).1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E07 on Nonde-structive Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E07.06 onUltrasonic Method.Current edition approved June 1,2014.Published June 2014.Originallyapp
13、roved in 2004.Last previous edition approved in 2009 as E2373-09.DOI:10.1520/E2373_E2373M-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summa
14、ry page onthe ASTM website.3Available fromAmerican Society for Nondestructive Testing(ASNT),P.O.Box28518,1711 Arlingate Ln.,Columbus,OH 43228-0518,http:/www.asnt.org.4Available from Aerospace Industries Association of America,Inc.(AIA),1000Wilson Blvd.,Suite 1700,Arlington,VA22209-3928,http:/www.aia
15、-aerospace.org.5Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1,ch.dela Voie-Creuse,CP 56,CH-1211 Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.org.6Available from the American Society of Mechanical Engineers,ASMEInternational,22 Law Drive,Box 2900,Fairfield,NJ 07007-2900.*A Summary of Ch
16、anges section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.3 lateral wavea compression wave that travels by themost direct route from the transmitting probe to the receivingprobe in a TOFD configuration.3.2.4 parallel scana scan whereby the probe pair motionis parallel to the ultrasonic beam axis.Also called a B-scan bysome users.3.2.5 PCSabbreviation for probe center spacing.Refers tothe dist