1、Designation:E214507(Reapproved 2013)An American National StandardStandard Practice forInformation Modeling1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2145;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last rev
2、ision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 Information models are increasingly important in theanalysis,design,and sharing a common understanding ininformation engineering,i
3、n business process improvement,inbuilding information systems,in developing informaticsstandards,and in many other uses.21.2 The purpose of this practice is to identify best practicesfor the creation,use,and assessment of various types ofinformation models.1.3 Included in this practice are recommend
4、ed organiza-tional policies and procedures,where modeling is best usedand recommended modeling methods,best practices and evalu-ation criteria.1.4 Excluded from this practice are detailed specificationsof modeling techniques that are specified or described in othersources.2.Referenced Documents2.1 A
5、NSI Standards:3ANSI X3.172-1990 Dictionary for Information SystemsIEEE 1320.1-1998 Standard for Functional ModelingLanguageSyntax and Semantics for IDEF0IEEE 1320.2-1998 Standard for Functional ModelingLanguageSyntax and Semantics for IDEF1X(Object97)2.2 ISO Standards:3ISO 8601-88 Data Elements and
6、Interchange FormatsRepresentation of Dates and TimesISO/IEC 1087 Terminology WorkVocabulary-Part 1:Theory and ApplicationISO/IEC 11179 Information TechnologySpecification andStandardization of Data Elements,Parts 1-6ISO/IEC 19501:2005 Information technologyOpen Dis-tributed ProcessingUnified Modelin
7、g Language(UML)Version 1.4.2ISO/IEC2382 InformationProcessingSystemsVocabulary2.3 Other Documents and Standards:4Unified Modeling Language Specificationversion 1.5,March 20033.Terminology3.1 The following sections present terms,definitions,andacronyms found in this practice and in various modelingac
8、tivities.These terms and definitions are referenced or derivedfrom ANSI X3.172 or ISO/IEC 2382 unless otherwise cited.3.2 Definitions:3.2.1 activity,na group of logically related tasks per-formed for a purpose.3.2.2 alternate key attribute,nin a logical data model,anycandidate key of an entity other
9、 than the primary key.3.2.3 application model,na representation or descriptionof the application software,programs,or components neededto support a business function.3.2.4 attribute,na characteristic of an object or entity(seeISO/IEC 11179).3.2.5 attribute value,na representation of an instance ofan
10、 attribute(see ISO/IEC 11179).3.2.6 behavior,nin the object-oriented methodology,be-havior constitutes the observable effects of an operation orevent,including any results generated or obtained;and repre-sented by operations,methods,and state machines(see UML1.5).3.2.7 business model,na representati
11、on of the strategy,situation,environment,objectives,direction,and similar char-acteristics of a business enterprise or business area.3.2.8 business process model,na representation of busi-ness processes,often where these processes are successivelydecomposed to describe component activities,to identi
12、fy theevents to which the business shall respond,and to identify theresults produced.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E31 on HealthcareInformatics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E31.25 on HealthcareData Management,Security,Confidentiality,and Privacy.Curre
13、nt edition approved March 1,2013.Published March 2013.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2007 as E2145 07.DOI:10.1520/E2145-07R13.2An information model in the context of this standard is any representation ofprocess,data,etc.,used in any aspect of information technology or
14、informationmanagement.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from Object Management Group.OMG Headquarters,250 FirstAvenue,Needham,MA 02494.http:/www.omg.org.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end
15、of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.9 column,na physical data model and relational data-base structure that is analogous to the attribute of a logical datamodel.3.2.10 concept,na unit of thought constituted
16、 throughabstraction on the basis of characteristics common to a set ofobjects(see ISO/IEC 1087).3.2.11 conceptual model,nan abstract representation ofany type of model used to identify the principal componentsand relationships of the subject of the model,and avoidingunnecessary or confounding detail.3.2.12 context,na designation or description of the appli-cation environment or discipline in which a name is applied orfrom which it originates(see ISO/IEC 11179).3.2.13 data,na representation of fa