1、Designation:D88312Standard Terminology Relating toPlastics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D883;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year
2、of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.1.Scope*1.1 This terminology covers definitions of technical termsused in the plastics industry.Terms that are
3、 generally under-stood or adequately defined in other readily available sourcesare not included.1.2 When a term is used in an ASTM document for whichCommittee D20 is responsible it is included only when judged,after review,by Subcommittee D20.92 to be a generally usableterm.1.3 Definitions that are
4、identical to those published byanother standards body are identified with the abbreviation ofthe name of the organization;for example,IUPAC is theInternational Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry.1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-mation included in discussion notes.It is re
5、viewed every 5years;the year of last review is appended.1.5 For literature related to plastics terminology,see Appen-dix X1.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2C162 Terminology of Glass and Glass ProductsD638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of PlasticsD747 Test Method for Apparent Bending M
6、odulus of Plas-tics by Means of a Cantilever BeamD790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforcedand Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materi-alsD882 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Thin PlasticSheetingD907 Terminology of AdhesivesD1003 Test Method for Haze and Luminous Tr
7、ansmittanceof Transparent PlasticsD1566 Terminology Relating to RubberD4703 Practice for Compression Molding ThermoplasticMaterials into Test Specimens,Plaques,or SheetsE308 Practice for Computing the Colors of Objects by Usingthe CIE System3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:A-stage,nan early stage in the
8、 preparation of certainthermosetting resins in which the material is still soluble incertain liquids,and may be liquid or capable of becomingliquid upon heating.DISCUSSIONSometimes referred to as Resol.(See also B-stage andC-stage.)(1978)3acetal plastics,nplastics based on polymers having apredomina
9、nce of acetal linkages in the main chain.(See alsopolyoxymethylene.)(1985)acrylic plasticsplastics based on polymers made withacrylic acid or a structural derivative of acrylic acid.(1982)addition polymerizationpolymerization in which mono-mers are linked together without the splitting off of water
10、orother simple molecules.(1983)adiabatic extrusiona method of extrusion in which,afterthe extrusion apparatus has been heated sufficiently byconventional means to plastify the material,the extrusionprocess can be continued with the sole source of heat beingthe conversion of the drive energy,through
11、viscous resis-tance of the plastic mass in the extruder.(1978)aging,n(1)the effect on materials of exposure to anenvironment for an interval of time.(2)the process ofexposing materials to an environment for an interval of time.(1973)alkyd plasticsplastics based on alkyd resins.(1980)alkyd resina pol
12、yester convertible into a crosslinked form;requiring a reactant of functionality higher than two,orhaving double bonds.(1982)1This terminology is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plasticsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.92 on Terminology.Current edition approved Nov
13、.15,2012.Published November 2012.Originallyapproved in 1946.Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D883-11.DOI:10.1520/D0883-12.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information
14、,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Date indicates year of introduction or latest review or revision.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United St
15、ates1 alloy,n(in plastics)two or more immiscible polymersunited,usually by another component,to form a plastic resinhaving enhanced performance properties.allyl plasticsplastics based on allyl resins.(1978)allyl resina resin made by polymerization of chemicalcompounds containing the allyl group.(197
16、8)amino plastics,nplastics based on amino resins.(1978)amino resin,na resin made by polycondensation of acompound containing amino groups,such as urea ormelamine,with an aldehyde,such as formaldehyde,or analdehyde-yielding material.(1985)apparent densitySee density,apparent.aromatic polyester,na polyester derived from monomers inwhich all the hydroxyl and carboxyl groups are linkeddirectly to aromatic nuclei.(1986)artificial weatheringexposure to laboratory conditions,which may be cyclic,involvi