1、Designation:D8169/D8169M18Standard Test Methods forDeep Foundations Under Bi-Directional Static AxialCompressive Load1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8169/D8169M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,th
2、e year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 The test methods described in this standard measure theaxial displacement of a single,deep foundation element whe
3、nloaded in bi-directional static axial compression using anembedded bi-directional jack assembly.These methods applyto all deep foundations,referred to herein as“piles,”whichfunction in a manner similar to driven piles,cast in place piles,or barrettes,regardless of their method of installation.The t
4、estresults may not represent the long-term performance of a deepfoundation.1.2 This standard provides minimum requirements for test-ing deep foundations under bi-directional static axial compres-sive load.Plans,specifications,and/or provisions prepared bya qualified engineer may provide additional r
5、equirements andprocedures as needed to satisfy the objectives of a particulartest program.The engineer in charge of the foundation design,referred to herein as the engineer,shall approve any deviations,deletions,or additions to the requirements of this standard.1.3 This standard provides the followi
6、ng test procedures:Procedure AQuick Test9.2.1Procedure BExtended Test(optional)9.2.21.4 Apparatus and procedures herein designated“optional”may produce different test results and may be used only whenapproved by the engineer.The word“shall”indicates amandatory provision,and the word“should”indicates
7、 arecommended or advisory provision.Imperative sentencesindicate mandatory provisions.1.5 The engineer may use the results obtained from the testprocedures in this standard to predict the actual performanceand adequacy of piles used in the constructed foundation.SeeAppendix X1 for comments regarding
8、 some of the factorsinfluencing the interpretation of test results.1.6 A qualified engineer(specialty engineer,not to beconfused with the foundation engineer as defined above)shalldesign and approve the load test configuration and test proce-dures.The text of this standard references notes and footn
9、oteswhich provide explanatory material.These notes and footnotes(excluding those in tables and figures)shall not be consideredas requirements of the standard.This standard also includesillustrations and appendixes intended only for explanatory oradvisory use.1.7 UnitsThe values stated in either SI u
10、nits or inch-pound units(presented in brackets)are to be regarded sepa-rately as standard.The values stated in each system may not beexact equivalents;therefore,each system shall be used inde-pendently of the other.Combining values from the two systemsmay result in non-conformance with the standard.
11、Reporting oftest results in units other than SI shall not be regarded asnonconformance with this test method.1.8 The gravitational system of inch-pound units is usedwhen dealing with inch-pound units.In this system,the pound(lbf)represents a unit of force(weight),while the unit for massis slugs.The
12、rationalized slug unit is not given,unless dynamic(F=ma)calculations are involved.1.9 All observed and calculated values shall conform to theguidelines for significant digits and rounding established inPractice D6026.1.9.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected,recorded and calculated
13、 in this standard are regarded as theindustry standard.In addition,they are representative of thesignificant digits that should generally be retained.The proce-dures used do not consider material variation,purpose forobtaining the data,special purpose studies,or any consider-ations for the users obj
14、ectives;and it is common practice toincrease or reduce significant digits of reported data to becommensurate with these considerations.It is beyond the scopeof this standard to consider significant digits used in analysismethods for engineering design.1.10 This standard offers an organized collectio
15、n of infor-mation or a series of options and does not recommend aspecific course of action.This document cannot replace edu-cation or experience and should be used in conjunction withprofessional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may beapplicable in all circumstances.This ASTM standard is notin
16、tended to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,1This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.11 on Deep Foundations.Current edition approved Jan.1,2018.Published February 2018.DOI:10.1520/D8169_D8169M-18.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard