1、Designation:D728214Standard Practice forSet-up,Calibration,and Quality Control of Instruments Usedfor Radioactivity Measurements1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7282;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revisio
2、n,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers consensus criteria for the calibra-tion and quality control of nuclear instruments.This
3、practice isprovided for establishing appropriate quality control param-eters at instrument startup,calibration of nuclear countinginstruments and the continuing monitoring of quality controlparameters.Calibrations are usually performed to establish theoperating parameters of the instrument.This prac
4、tice addressesthe typically used nuclear counting instruments:alphaspectrometer,gamma spectrometer,gas proportional counterand liquid scintillation counter.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions that are provided fo
5、r information only and are notconsidered standard.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regu
6、latory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3648 Practices for the Measurement of RadioactivityD4375 Practice for Basic Statistics in Committee D19 onWater2.2 Other Standards:ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to theNatio
7、nal Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)and Associated Instrument Quality Control3ANSI N42.23 Measurement and Associated InstrumentationQuality Assurance for Radioassay Laboratories3ANSI/HPS N13.30 Performance Criteria for Radiobioassay3ISO/IEC 17025 General Requirements for the Competenceof
8、Testing and Calibration Laboratories4JCGM 100:2008 Evaluation of Measurement Data Guideto the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement53.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definition of other terms used in this practice,referto Terminology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3
9、.2.1 acceptable verification ratio(AVR),nratio of thedifference between measured value of the verification sampleand the known value added to the verification sample to thesquare root of the sum of the squares of their associatedcombined standard uncertainties.3.2.1.1 DiscussionSee Eq 10 in 16.2.13.
10、3.2.2 background subtraction count(BSC),na sourcecount used to determine the background to be subtracted fromthe sample test source count.3.2.3 calibration,ndetermining the instrument responseto a known amount of radioactive material.3.2.4 calibration source(CS),na known quantity ofradioactive mater
11、ial,traceable to a national standards body,prepared for the purpose of calibrating nuclear instruments.3.2.5 continuinginstrumentqualitycontrol,nmeasurements taken to ensure that an instrument respondsin the same manner subsequent to its calibration.3.2.6 instrument check source(ICS),na radioactives
12、ource,not necessarily traceable to a national standards body,that is used to confirm the continuing satisfactory operation ofan instrument.1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water andis the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of RadiochemicalAnalysi
13、s.Current edition approved June 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 2006.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D7282 06.DOI:10.1520/D7282-14.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMS
14、tandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.4Available from International Organization for Standardization(ISO),1 rue deVaremb,Case
15、 postale 56,CH-1211,Geneva 20,Switzerland,http:/www.iso.ch.5Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures(BIPM),Pavillon deBreteuil F-92312 Svres Cedex France,http:/www.bipm.org/en/publications/guides/gum.html.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocke
16、n,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.2.7 instrument contamination check(ICC),na measure-ment to determine if a detector is contaminated with radioac-tivity.3.2.8 instrument quality control chart,na chart developedto evaluate the response of an instrument to predetermined,statistically based limits.3.2.9 instrument quality tolerance limit,na limit estab-lished to evaluate the acceptable response of an instrument.3.2.10 known value(KV),nknown value of the analyteactivity added to the verification samp