1、Designation:D643018Standard Guide forUsing the Gravity Method for Subsurface SiteCharacterization1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6430;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1 Purpose and Application:1.1.1 Thisguidesummarizestheequipment,fieldprocedures,and interpretation methods for the assessment ofsubsurface co
3、nditions using the gravity method.However,thisstandard does not address the use of marine,airborne,orsatellite gravity measurements.1.1.2 The gravity method described in this guide is appli-cable to site characterization of a wide range of subsurfaceconditions.1.1.3 Gravity measurements indicate var
4、iations in theearths gravitational field caused by lateral differences in thedensity of the subsurface soil or rock or the presence of naturalvoids or man-made structures.By measuring spatial changes inthe gravitational field,variations in subsurface conditions canbe determined.1.1.4 Detailed gravit
5、y surveys(commonly called micro-gravity surveys)are used for near-surface geologic site char-acterizations and geotechnical,environmental,and archaeo-logical studies.Geologic and geotechnical applications includelocation of buried channels,bedrock structural features,voids,and caves,and low-density
6、zones in foundations.Environmen-tal applications include site characterization,groundwaterstudies,landfill characterization,and location of undergroundstorage tanks(1)2.1.2 Limitations:1.2.1 This guide provides an overview of the gravitymethod.It does not address the details of the gravity theory,fi
7、eld procedures,or interpretation of the data.Numerousreferences are included for that purpose and are considered anessential part of this guide.It is recommended that the user ofthe gravity method be familiar with the references cited andwith the Guides D420,D5753,D6235,and D6429,andPractices D5088,
8、and D5608.1.2.2 This guide is limited to gravity measurements madeon land.The gravity method can be adapted for a number ofspecial uses:on land,in a borehole,on water,and from aircraftand space.A discussion of these other gravity methods,including vertical gravity gradient measurements,is not in-clu
9、ded in this guide.1.2.3 The approaches suggested in this guide for the gravitymethod are the most commonly used,widely accepted,andproven.However,other approaches or modifications to thegravity method that are technically sound may be substituted.1.2.4 This guide offers an organized collection of in
10、forma-tion or a series of options and does not recommend a specificcourse of action.This document cannot replace education,experience,and should be used in conjunction with profes-sional judgment.Not all aspects of this guide may be appli-cable in all circumstances.This ASTM document is notintended
11、to represent or replace the standard of care by whichthe adequacy of a given professional service must be judged,nor should this document be applied without consideration ofa projects many unique aspects.The word“Standard”in thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved thr
12、ough the ASTM consensus process.1.3 UnitsThe values stated in SI units are regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.Reporting of test results in units other than SI shallnot be regarded as nonconformance with this test method.1.4 Precautions:1.4.1 It is the resp
13、onsibility of the user of this guide tofollow any precautions in the equipment manufacturers rec-ommendations and to establish appropriate health and safetypractices.1.4.2 If this guide is used at sites with hazardous materials,operations,or equipment,it is the responsibility of the user ofthis guid
14、e to establish appropriate safety and health practicesand to determine the applicability of any regulations prior touse.1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priat
15、e safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.01 on Surface and SubsurfaceCharacterization.Current edi
16、tion approved Feb.1,2018.Published March 2018.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D643099(2010).DOI:10.1520/D6430-18.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end ofthis standard.*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standardCopyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally reco