1、Designation:D638411Standard Terminology Relating toBiodegradability and Ecotoxicity of Lubricants1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6384;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A n
2、umber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This terminology covers definitions relating to biode-gradability and ecotoxicity of lubricants.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D5
3、864 Test Method for Determining Aerobic Aquatic Bio-degradation of Lubricants or Their ComponentsD6139 Test Method for Determining the Aerobic AquaticBiodegradation of Lubricants or Their Components Usingthe Gledhill Shake Flask3.Terminologyactivated sludge,nthe precipitated solid matter,consistingm
4、ainly of bacteria and other aquatic microrganisms,that isproduced at a domestic wastewater treatment plant;activatedsludge is used primarily in secondary sewage treatment tomicrobially oxidize dissolved organic matter in the effluent.D6139acute ecotoxicity,nthe propensity of a test material toproduc
5、e adverse behavioral,biochemical,or physiologicaleffects in non-human organisms or populations in a shortperiod,usually not constituting a substantial portion of thelife span.acute ecotoxicity test,na comparative ecotoxicity test inwhich a representative subpopulation of organisms is ex-posed to dif
6、ferent treat rates of a test material and is observedfor a short period,usually not constituting a substantialportion of their life span.aerobic,adj(1)taking place in the presence of oxygen;(2)living or active in the presence of oxygen.D6139biodegradation,nthe process of chemical break-down ortransf
7、ormation of a substance caused by organisms or theirenzymes.D5864biomass,nbiological material including any material otherthan fossil fuels which is or was a living organism orcomponent or product of a living organism.DISCUSSIONIn biology and environmental science,biomass istypically expressed as de
8、nsity of biological material per unit samplevolume,area,or mass(g biomass/g(or/mL or/cm2)sample);whenused for products derived from organisms biomass is typically ex-pressed in terms of mass(kg,MT,etc.)or volume(L,m3,bbl,etc.).DISCUSSIONProducts of living organisms include those materialsproduced di
9、rectly by living organisms as metabolites(for example,ethanol,various carbohydrates and fatty acids),materials manufacturedby processing living organisms(for example,pellets manufactured byshredding and pelletizing plant material)and materials produced byprocessing living organisms,their components
10、or metabolites(forexample,transesterified oil;also called biodiesel).blank,nin biodegradability testing,a test system containingall system components with the exception of the testmaterial.chronic ecotoxicity test,na comparative ecotoxicity test inwhich a representative subpopulation of organisms is
11、 ex-posed to different treat rates of a test material and is observedfor a period of time which constitutes a major portion of theirlife span.ecotoxicity,nthe propensity of a test material to produceadverse behavioral,biochemical,or physiological effects innon-human organisms or populations.effect l
12、oad XX(ELXX),na statistically or graphicallyestimated loading rate of test material that is expected tocause one or more specified effects in XX%of a represen-tative subpopulation of organisms under specified condi-tions.DISCUSSIONThis terminology should be used instead of the standardECXX when the
13、test material is not completely soluble at the test treatrates.environmental compartment,na subdivision of the envi-ronment based on physical or chemical properties,or both.DISCUSSIONExamples of environmental compartments are aerobicfresh water,aerobic marine,aerobic soil,and anaerobic media.Theresu
14、lts of test procedures may be applied to environmental compart-ments,but the test systems do not constitute an environmentalcompartment.1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of D02.12 onEnvironmental Sta
15、ndards for Lubricants.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published March 2011.Originallyapproved in 1999.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D638499a(2005).DOI:10.1520/D6384-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.or
16、g.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 fresh water environment,nthe aerobic,aqueous compart-ment,characteristically with a salinity of less than five partsper thousand.good laboratory practices(GLP),nguidelines for themanagement of laboratory experiments which are publishedby regulatory agencies or other recog