1、Designation:D670601(Reapproved 2021)Standard Test Method forMeasuring Geosynthetic Pullout Resistance in Soil1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6706;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last
2、revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 Resistance of a geosynthetic to pullout from soil isdetermined using a laboratory pullout box.1.2 The test method is intended to
3、 be a performance testconducted as closely as possible to replicate design or as-builtconditions.It can also be used to compare differentgeosynthetics,soil types,etc.,and thereby be used as a researchand development test procedure.1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.The v
4、alues stated in parentheses are provided forinformation only.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine
5、the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations iss
6、ued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D123 Terminology Relating to TextilesD653 Terminology Relating to Soil,Rock,and ContainedFluidsD3080 Test Method for Direct Shear Test of Soils UnderConsolidated Drained ConditionsD
7、4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and RolledErosion Control Products(RECPs)for TestingD4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics3.Terminology3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.1.1 apertures,nthe open spaces in geogrids whichenable soil interlocking to occur.3.1.2 atmosphere for
8、testing geosynthetics,nair main-tained at a relative humidity of 60 6 10%and a temperatureof 21 6 2 C(70 6 4 F).3.1.3 cross-machine direction,nthe direction in the planeof the geosynthetic perpendicular to the direction of manufac-ture.3.1.4 failure,na defined point at which a material ceasesto be f
9、unctionally capable of its intended use.3.1.5 geosynthetic,na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project,structure,or system.(D4439)3.1.6 junction,nthe point where geogrid r
10、ibs are intercon-nected in order to provide structure and dimensional stability.3.1.7 machine direction,nthe direction in the plane of thegeosynthetic parallel to the direction of manufacture.3.1.8 pullout,nthe movement of a geosynthetic over itsentire embedded length,with initial pullout occurring
11、when theback of the specimen moves,and ultimate pullout occurringwhen the movement is uniform over the entire embeddedlength.3.1.9 pullout force,(kN),nforce required to pull a geo-synthetic out of the soil during a pullout test.3.1.10 pullout resistance,(kN/m),nthe pullout force perwidth of geosynth
12、etic measured at a specified condition ofdisplacement.3.1.11 rib,nthe continuous elements of a geogrid whichare either in the machine or cross-machine direction asmanufactured.3.1.12 ultimate pullout resistance,(kN/m),nthe maxi-mum pullout resistance measured during a pullout test.3.1.13 wire gauge,
13、na displacement gauge consisting of anon-extensible wire attached to the geosynthetic and monitoredby connection to a dial extensometer or electronic displace-ment transducer.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcomm
14、ittee D35.01 on Mechani-cal Properties.Current edition approved Sept.1,2021.Published September 2021.Originallyapproved in 2001.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D6706 01(2013).DOI:10.1520/D6706-01R21.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer
15、Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in acco
16、rdance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2 For definitions of other terms used in this test method,refer to Terminologies D123,D653,and D4439.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 In this method,a geosynthetic is embedded between twolayers of soil,horizontal force is applied to the