1、Designation:D790218Standard Terminology forRadiochemical Analyses1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7902;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates t
2、he year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This standard describes terminology commonly used inradiochemistry and radioanalysis.1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.Other units of measurem
3、ent,including some unitsthat are not accepted for use with the SI,are also defined.1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental pra
4、ctices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides an
5、d Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization TechnicalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D7282 Practice for Set-up,Calibration,and Quality Controlof Instruments Used for Radioactivity Measurements2.2 BIPM Documents:3GUM Guide to the Expression of U
6、ncertainty in Measure-ment(GUM),100:20082.3 Code of Federal Regulations:440 CFR 141.25 Analytical Methods for Radioactivity40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136 Definition and Procedurefor the Determination of the Method Detection Limit2.4 ANSI Documents:5ANSI N42.22 Traceability of Radioactive Sources to t
7、heNational Institute of Standards and Technology(NIST)and Associated Instrument Quality Control3.Significance and Use3.1 This terminology standard describes terms and defini-tions used in standards for radiochemical analysis maintainedby ASTM Committee D19 on Water.The terminology is alsorecommended
8、 for general use in the radiochemistry commu-nity.4.Terminology:Terms and Definitions4 geometry,ngeometry in which the radiation detector hasessentially the same probability of detecting radiation fromthe source emitted in any direction.absorption(of radiation),ntransfer of some or all of theenergy
9、of a radiation to matter it traverses.abundance,(1)nprobability of emission of a given radiationduring the decay of an atom of a given radionuclide;radiation emission probabilityalso called intensity;(2)see isotopic abundance.actinide,nany element with atomic number between 89 and103,including actin
10、ium,thorium,protactinium,uranium,neptunium,plutonium,americium,and curium.activation,ninducement of radioactivity by irradiation.activation analysis,nanalysis based on the characteristicradiations emitted by nuclides formed by activation.activity(for radionuclides),A T1,nmean rate of radio-active de
11、cay in a quantity of material.DISCUSSIONThe term activity may be qualified by specifying one ormore radionuclides(for example,238U activity)or the type of decay(for example,gross alpha activity).DISCUSSIONThe SI unit of activity is the becquerel(Bq),whichequals 1 s1(one nuclear disintegration per se
12、cond).activity concentration,(1)nquotient of the activity of aspecified quantity of material and its volume;volumic1This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Waterand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.04 on Methods of Radiochemi-cal Analysis.Current edition a
13、pproved Feb.1,2018.Published March 2018.Originallyapproved in 2014.Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D7902 16.DOI:10.1520/D7902-18.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume inf
14、ormation,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3Available from Bureau International des Poids et Mesures(BIPM),Pavillon deBreteuil F-92312 Svres Cedex,France,http:/www.bipm.org.4Available from U.S.Government Printing Office Superintendent of Documents,732 N.Capitol St.,NW,M
15、ail Stop:SDE,Washington,DC 20401,http:/www.access.gpo.gov.5Available from American National Standards Institute(ANSI),25 W.43rd St.,4th Floor,New York,NY 10036,http:/www.ansi.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis internat
16、ional standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.1 activity;(2)nquotient of the activity of a specified quantity ofmaterial and its associated mass or size.aliquant,nfractional part that does not evenly divide thewhole.aliquot,nfractional part that