1、Designation:D847322Standard Test Method forDetermining the Biobased content of Liquid HydrocarbonFuels Using Liquid Scintillation Counting with SpikedCarbon-141This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8473;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal ado
2、ption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers quantitatively determining bio-carbon content of liqui
3、d hydrocarbon fuels with a focus onthose produced in a typical petroleum refinery using liquidscintillation counting(LSC).The method is designed to gen-erate analogous results as Test Method D6866 Method C,forlow quench samples,without the need of benzene synthesis.The purpose is to be able to use t
4、he produced data to reportbiocarbon content of refinery products to regulatory agenciesand monitor refinery operation.The method does not addressregulatory reporting or fuel performance.1.2 The method is needed to support refinery operationswhen bio-feeds are co-processed with petroleum within areac
5、tor with a focus on samples with 100%biocarbon or less(not for14C labeled species).It allows refineries to report thebiocarbon content of refinery products to regulatory agenciessuch as the Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)or Cali-forniaAir Resources Board(CARB)to comply with regulatorystatutes s
6、uch as The Renewable Fuel Standard(RFS)or LowCarbon Fuel Standard(LCFS).1.3 This test method is applicable to any liquid fuel product,petroleum based(pure hydrocarbon),biobased(such as renew-able diesel or those that can contain oxygenates such asethanol),or blends,that contain 1%to 100%by massbioca
7、rbon where an instrument background can be experimen-tally determined using a sample of similar matrix that containsno measurable carbon-14.1.4 This test method makes no attempt to teach the basicprinciples of the instrumentation used although minimumrequirements for instrument selection are referen
8、ced in Refs(1-11).2However,the preparation of samples for the above testmethods is described.No details of instrument operation areincluded here.These are best obtained from the manufacturerof the specific instrument in use.1.5 Pre-Requisite Requirements For Method ExecutionThis test method uses art
9、ificial carbon-14(14C)within themethod.Great care shall be taken to prevent laboratorycontamination of the elevated14C.Once in the laboratory,artificial14C can contaminate a variety of laboratory surfacesthat can lead to artificially high sample biocarbon measure-ments.If vigorous cleaning attempts
10、to remove the artificial14C from a laboratory are unsuccessful,instrumentation andsample preparation may have to be moved to a new laboratoryaway from the contamination or the laboratory may have torely on outside third-party labs for analysis.Specific proce-dural steps have been incorporated into t
11、his method thatminimize the risk of sample and lab contamination.Wipe testsand quality assurance samples can validate absence of con-tamination.In the event of contamination in the laboratory orinstrument,vigorous cleaning protocols shall be implemented,and analysis cannot be resumed until the lab a
12、nd instrument arefree of contamination.Accepted requirements are:1.5.1 Working with the elevated14C samples in a separateand defined area away from the instrument and the preparationof any non-spiked samples.1.5.2 Using separate personnel to prepare the spikedsamples and non-spiked samples.1.5.3 Usi
13、ng separate laboratory spaces with separate HVACsystems for the handling of spiked and non-spiked samples.The use of separate fume hoods that have separate exhaustventilation satisfies this requirement.1.5.4 Weekly wipe tests of14C sample handling area(s)todetect lab contamination.1.6 This standard
14、does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.1.7 This international
15、 standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for the1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 onPetroleum Products,Liquid Fuels,and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility o
16、fSubcommittee D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.Current edition approved Sept.15,2022.Published October 2022.DOI:10.1520/D8473-22.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Princip