1、Designation:D676513Standard Practice forLive Staking1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6765;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of la
2、st reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice covers the material,preparation and instal-lation work required for live stake construction.1.2 The values in this standard are in SI units and are to beregarded as the st
3、andard.The inch-pound units given inparentheses are for information only.1.3 This practice offers a set of instructions for performingone or more specific operations.This document cannot replaceeducation or experience and should be used in conjunctionwith professional judgment.Not all aspects of thi
4、s practice maybe applicable in all circumstances.This ASTM standard is notintended to represent or replace standard of care by whichadequacy of a given professional service must be judged,norshould this document be applied without considerations of aprojects many unique aspects.The word“standard”in
5、thetitle of this document means only that the document has beenapproved through the ASTM consensus process.1.4 This standard may involve hazardous materials,operations,and equipment.This standard does not purport toaddress all of the safety concerns,if any,associated with itsuse.It is the responsibi
6、lity of the user of this standard toestablish appropriate safety and health practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Terminology2.1 Definitions:2.1.1 live stake,nan individual live woody plant materialcutting used in live staking.2.1.2 live staking,vthe act
7、 of tamping live woody plantmaterial cuttings into the ground.2.1.3 live woody plant material,nstem and branch cut-tings of vegetatively self-propagating woody plant species.3.Summary of Practice3.1 Live stakes are stem or branch cuttings of vegetativelyself-propagating woody plant species that are
8、tamped into theground.If correctly prepared and installed,the live stake willroot and grow.Once the live stakes become established,theycreate top growth and a living root system.The root systemstabilizes the shallow subsoil by reinforcing and bindingtogether soil particles,and by extracting excess s
9、oil moisture.The vegetative top growth from the living live stakes providescover for the soil surface against erosive forces.See Fig.1,Fig.2,and Fig.3.4.Significance and Use4.1 Live staking is a soil bioengineering technique used toprovide erosion and sedimentation control after plants havebecome fu
10、lly established by increasing infiltration,slowing orredirecting runoff,and trapping seed and sediments.Asuccess-ful live staking application provides mechanical surface slopestabilization,aesthetics,water quality and habitat enhance-ment.The ability of live staking to function properly dependson th
11、e quality and correctness of the materials utilized,themeans and methods of installation,and proper consideration ofsite characteristics.It is imperative that the live stakingdevelops root and top growth.5.Materials5.1 Fresh or well-preserved viable cuttings are used.Thestems or branches are straigh
12、t.Side branches are cleanlyremoved.Bark remains intact.The basal ends are cut at anangle for easy insertion into the soil.The top is cut square.Typically,plants are harvested near the project site within thesame climate zone.Typical lengths for live stakes are from 600to 900 mm(2 to 3 ft).The calipe
13、r(diameter)of cuttingsgenerally ranges from 15 to 40 mm(12to 112in.).Cut andinstall the live stakes in the dormant season.5.2 Brush Cutting ImplementsCut live vegetation withsuch tools as pruning shears,loppers,clearing saws,chainsaws,and bush axes.The cuts must be made in a manner that allowsthe ba
14、rk to remain intact and the stems or branches are not splitor shredded.6.Installation6.1 Harvest live woody plant material using a sharp,cleanbrush-cutting implement.The cuttings may be temporarilystored outdoors in water or in a moist environment for amaximum of 2 days when the outdoor temperature
15、remains1This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D18 on Soil andRock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.25 on Erosion andSediment Control Technology.Current edition approved Aug.1,2013.Published August 2013.Originallyapproved in 2002.Last previous edition approved
16、in 2008 as D6765 02(2008).DOI:10.1520/D6765-13.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 below 10C(50F),or refrigerated storage at 1 to 3C(33 to39F)can be used for up to two(2)months,provided humiditylevels are maintained above 90%.6.2 Tamp each live stake into the ground perpendicular tothe soil surface with the buds oriented up.An iron bar orsimilar device can be used to make a pilot hole in firm soil.Theoutside diameter of th