1、Designation:E271711Standard Practice forEstimating the Environmental Load of ResidentialWastewater1This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2717;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A
2、number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This practice provides a set of instructions for estimat-ing the environmental load of residential water,as it isdischarged from a residenc
3、e.The environmental load is calcu-lated based on the number and type of fixtures in the home,thecommon household chemicals used,and the number of peopleinthehome.Whiletheformatisbroadlyappliedinternationally,the parameters stated herein reflect NorthAmerican averages and would need to be modified if
4、 usedelsewhere.1.1.1 Averages MethodThe Averages Method provides anestimate of the annual environmental load for the average U.S.single-family home based on 2000 U.S.Census and 2007U.S.Census Data and U.S.EPA 625 R-00 008 characteriza-tion of residential wastewater flows.1.1.2 Unique Product Paramet
5、ers MethodThe UniqueProduct Parameters Method provides an estimate of the annualenvironmental load,where the home/product parameter valuesare the same as those used for the Averages Method except forestimated amounts of chemical contaminants listed in Table 1or average total annual use of products a
6、s listed in Table 1,orboth.1.1.3 Adjusted Averages MethodThe Adjusted AveragesMethod provides an estimate of the annual environmental load,where home/product parameter values differ from those usedfor the Averages Method,except that chemical contaminantsassociated with products do not vary.(Table 1
7、remains thesame for:Typical Water Contaminants,Estimated Amount ofContaminant in Product(%),and the Percent Waste.)1.1.4 Additional/AlternativeChemicalsMethodTheAdditional/Alternative Chemicals Method provides an esti-mate of the annual environmental load,of chemicals used thatare not listed in Tabl
8、e 1.1.1.5 The Unique Product Parameters Method,AdjustedAverages Method,and Additional Chemicals Method may beused in combination with each other.1.2 Instructions are provided for a single-family home.Estimates may be expanded to an aggregate number ofsingle-family homes by assuming an average home s
9、ize andmultiplying by the number of homes.Estimates may beadapted to multi-unit residential buildings by factoring thehome parameters for size,occupancy,and fixtures as necessary.1.3 For the purpose of this practice,environmental loadrefers to chemical contaminants that may be dissolved orsuspended
10、in water.1.3.1 Estimates of environmental load do not include or-ganic matter common for urine,feces,and vomit.1.3.2 Estimates of environmental load do not include bulkfood waste such as kitchen scraps.1.3.3 Estimates of environmental load do not include bulkcellulose waste such as toilet paper.1.3.
11、4 Actual environmental load may vary depending ontypes and amounts of chemicals used in a specific home and thenumber of people in the home.1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.5 This standard does not pu
12、rport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:21This
13、 practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E60 on Sustain-ability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E60.07 on Water Use andConservation.Current edition approved Jan.1,2011.Published January 2011.DOI:10.1520/E2717-11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.
14、astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 TABLE 1 Chemic
15、al Contaminants Attributable to WastewaterProduct TypeTypical UsesTypical WaterContaminantsAverage TotalProduct UsedPer YearAssumptionsEstimated Amountof Contaminantin Product(%)Percent WasteAntiperspirant/DeodorantControls sweat andbody odor(feet,underarms,genitalia)AluminumA66.56 oz/yearUsage per
16、year isbased on 10 sticks perperson22.2265 95Bar SoapUsed for daily hygiene Sodium Salts48 oz/yearUsage per year isbased on 1 bar amonth per residence80100Liquid Soap(hand anddishwashing)Used for daily hygiene Sodium Salts90 oz/yearUsage per year isbased on 1 bottle amonth per residence3100ShampooUsed for daily hygiene Propylene Glycol174 oz/yearUsage per year isbased on 1 bottle amonth per residence6100Sodium LaruethSulfate30MouthwashUsed to enhance oralhygieneEthanol277.92Usage per year isbase