1、Designation:D588695(Reapproved 2011)Standard Guide forSelection of Test Methods to Determine Rate of FluidPermeation Through Geomembranes for SpecificApplications1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5886;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal
2、adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers selecting one or more appropriate testmethods to assess t
3、he permeability of all candidate geomem-branes for a proposed specific application to various per-meants.The widely different uses of geomembranes as barriersto the transport and migration of different gases,vapors,andliquids under different service conditions require determina-tions of permeability
4、 by test methods that relate to and simulatethe service.Geomembranes are nonporous homogeneous ma-terials that are permeable in varying degrees to gases,vapors,and liquids on a molecular scale in a three-step process(1)bydissolution in or absorption by the geomembrane on theupstream side,(2)diffusio
5、n through the geomembrane,and(3)desorption on the downstream side of the barrier.1.2 The rate of transmission of a given chemical species,whether as a single permeant or in mixtures,is driven by itschemical potential or in practical terms by its concentrationgradient across the geomembrane.Various m
6、ethods to assessthe permeability of geomembranes to single componentpermeants,such as individual gases,vapors,and liquids arereferenced and briefly described.1.3 Various test methods for the measurement of permeationand transmission through geomembranes of individual speciesin complex mixtures such
7、as waste liquids are discussed.1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations
8、prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D471 Test Method for Rubber PropertyEffect of LiquidsD814 Test Method for Rubber PropertyVapor Transmis-sion of Volatile LiquidsD815 Test Method for Testing Coated Fabrics HydrogenPermeance(Withdrawn 1987)3D1434 Test Method for Determining Gas P
9、ermeability Char-acteristics of Plastic Film and SheetingD4439 Terminology for GeosyntheticsD4491 Test Methods for Water Permeability of Geotextilesby PermittivityE96/E96M Test Methods for Water Vapor Transmission ofMaterialsF372 Test Method for Water Vapor Transmission Rate ofFlexible Barrier Mater
10、ials Using an Infrared DetectionTechnique(Withdrawn 2009)3F739 Test Method for Permeation of Liquids and Gasesthrough Protective Clothing Materials under Conditions ofContinuous Contact3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 downstream,nthe space adjacent to the geomem-brane through which the permeant is
11、 flowing.3.1.2 geomembrane,nan essentially impermeable geosyn-thetic composed of one or more synthetic sheets.(See Termi-nology D4439.)1This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on Geosynthet-icsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomembranes.Current edition
12、approved June 1,2011.Published July 2011.Originally approvedin 1995.Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D5886 95(2006).DOI:10.1520/D5886-95R11.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards
13、volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 3.1.2.1 DiscussionIn ge
14、otechnical engineering,essen-tially impermeable means that no measurable liquid flowsthrough a geosynthetic when tested in accordance with TestMethods D4491.3.1.3 geosynthetic,na planar product manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering-related m
15、aterial as an integral part of aman-made project,structure,or system.(See TerminologyD4439.)3.1.4 permeability,nthe rate of flow under a differentialpressure,temperature,or concentration of a gas,liquid,orvapor through a material.(Modified from Test MethodsD4491.)3.1.5 permeant,na chemical species,g
16、as,liquid,or vaporthat can pass through a substance.4.Summary of Guide4.1 The wide range of uses of geomembranes as barriers inmany different environments to many different permeatingspecies requires different test procedures to assess the effec-tiveness of a given membrane for a given application.Thepermeating species range from a single component to highlycomplex mixtures such as those found in waste liquids andleachates.In specialized applications,service it may be impor-tant to measure trans