1、Designation:D590621Standard Guide forMeasuring Horizontal Positioning During Measurements ofSurface Water Depths1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5906;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of la
2、st revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide covers the selection of procedures commonlyused to establish a measurement of horizontal position duringinvestigat
3、ions of surface water bodies that are as follows:SectionsProcedure AManual Measurement7 to 12Procedure BOptical Measurement13 to 17Procedure CElectronic Measurement18 to 271.1.1 The narrative specifies horizontal positioning termi-nology and describes manual,optical,and electronic measuringequipment
4、 and techniques.1.2 The references cited contain information that may helpin the design of a high quality measurement program.1.3 The information provided on horizontal positioning isdescriptive in nature and not intended to endorse any particularitem of manufactured equipment or procedure.1.4 This
5、guide pertains to determining horizontal position ofa depth measurement in quiescent or low velocity flow.1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardedas standard.The values given in parentheses are mathematicalconversions to SI units that are provided for information onlyand are not
6、considered standard.1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety,health,and environmental practices and deter-mine the applicability of regulatory limitatio
7、ns prior to use.1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-ization established in the Decision on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recom-mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Techn
8、icalBarriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D1129 Terminology Relating to WaterD3858 Test Method for Open-Channel Flow Measurementof Water by Velocity-Area MethodD4410 Terminology for Fluvial SedimentD4581 Guide for Measurement of Morphologic Character-istics of Sur
9、face Water Bodies(Withdrawn 2013)3D5073 Practice for Depth Measurement of Surface WaterD5173 Guide for On-Line Monitoring of Total OrganicCarbon in Water by Oxidation and Detection of ResultingCarbon Dioxide3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this guide,refer toTermin
10、ology D1129.3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1 accuracyrefers to how close a measurement is to thetrue or actual value.(See Terminology D1129.)3.2.2 baseline,nthe primary reference line for use inmeasuring azimuth angles and positioning distances.3.2.3 continuous wave system,na
11、n electronic positioningsystem in which the signal transmitted between the transmitterand responder stations travels as a wave having constantfrequency and amplitude.3.2.4 electronic distance measurement(EDM),nthe mea-surement of distance using pulsing or phase comparisonsystems.3.2.5 electronic pos
12、itioning system(EPS),na system thatreceives two or more EDM to obtain a position.3.2.6 global positioning system(GPS),na global position-ing system(GPS)is a satellite-based EDM system used indetermining Cartesian coordinates(x,y,z)of a position bymeans of radio signals from NAVSTAR satellites.1This
13、guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and isthe direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.07 on Sediments,Geomorphology,and Open-Channel Flow.Current edition approved Nov.1,2021.Published June 2022.Originallyapproved in 1996.Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D5906 02
14、(2013).DOI:10.1520/D5906-22.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Service at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.3The last approved version of this his
15、torical standard is referenced onwww.astm.org.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United StatesThis international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision
16、on Principles for theDevelopment of International Standards,Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade(TBT)Committee.13.2.7 horizontal control,na series of connected lineswhose azimuths and lengths have been determined bytriangulation,trilateration,and traversing.3.2.8 line of position(LOP),nthe locus of points estab-lished along a rangeline.3.2.9 precision,nthe agreement among or reproduciblityof multiple measurements.(See Terminology D1129.)3.