1、Designation:D6282/D6282M14Standard Guide forDirect Push Soil Sampling for Environmental SiteCharacterizations1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6282/D6282M;the number immediately following the designation indicates theyear of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year o
2、f last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of lastreapproval.A superscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This guide addresses direct push soil samplers,whichmay also be driven into the ground from the surface or throughprebore
3、d holes.The samplers can be continuous or discreteinterval units.Samplers are advanced by static push,or impactsfrom hammers,or vibratory methods,or a combination thereof,to the depth of interest.Both single tube and dual(double)tubesystems may be advanced for soil sampling with direct pushmethods.D
4、irect push methods are most often used to collectgeo-environmental soil samples.These soil samples are usedfor soil classification(Practice D2488)and lithologic/hydrostratigraphic logging as well as being sub-sampled forcontaminant and chemical analyses.1.2 Other drilling and sampling methods may ap
5、ply forsamples needed for engineering and construction applications.This guide does not address single sampling events in theimmediate base of the drill hole using rotary drilling equipmentthat employ cuttings removal as the sampler is advanced.Othersampling standards,such as Test Method D1586,Pract
6、icesD1587 and D3550,and summarized in Guide D6169 apply torotary drilling activities(Guide D6286).The guide does notcover open chambered samplers operated by hand such asaugers,agricultural samplers operated at shallow depths,orside wall samplers.1.2.1 While Sonic Drilling is considered a direct pus
7、hmethod this standard may not apply to larger equipmentaddressed in Practice D6914.1.3 Guidance on collection and handling of samples,aregiven in Practices D4220 and D6640.Samples for chemicalanalysis often must be subsampled and preserved for chemicalanalysis using special techniques such as Practi
8、ce D4547,D6418,and D6640.Additional information on environmentalsample preservation and transportation is available in otherreferences(1,2,3,4,5,6)2.Samples for soil classification maybe preserved using procedures given in Practice D4220 similarto ClassA.In most cases,a direct push sample is conside
9、red asClass B in Practice D4220 but is protected,representative,andsuitable for chemical analysis.The samples taken with thispractice do not usually produce Class C and D(with exceptionof thin wall samples of standard size)samples for laboratorytesting for engineering properties,such as shear streng
10、th andcompressibility.If sampling is for chemical evaluation in theVadose Zone,consult Guide D4700 for any special consider-ations.1.4 Insertion methods described include static push,impact,percussion,other vibratory/sonic driving,and combinations ofthese methods using direct push equipment adapted
11、to drillingrigs,cone penetrometer units,and specially designedpercussion/direct push combination machines.Hammers pro-viding the force for insertion include drop style,hydraulicallyactivated,air activated and mechanical lift devices.1.5 Direct push soil sampling is limited to soils and uncon-solidat
12、ed materials that can be penetrated with the availableequipment.The ability to penetrate strata is based on hammerenergy,carrying vehicle weight,compactness of soil,andconsistency of soil.Penetration may be limited or damage tosamplers and conveying devices can occur in certain subsur-face condition
13、s,some of which are discussed in 5.6.Successfulsample recovery also may be limited by the ability to retrievetools from the borehole.Sufficient retract force must beavailable when attempting difficult or deep investigations.1.6 This guide does not address the installation of anytemporary or permanen
14、t soil,groundwater,vapor monitoring,or remediation devices.1.7 The practicing of direct push techniques may be con-trolled by local regulations governing subsurface penetration.Certification,or licensing requirements,or both,may need tobe considered in establishing criteria for field activities.1.8
15、The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound unitsare to be regarded separately as standard.The values stated ineach system may not be exact equivalents;therefore,eachsystem shall be used independently of the other.Combiningvalues from the two systems may result in non-conformancewith the stan
16、dard.1This guide is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D18 on Soil and Rockand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Groundwater andVadose Zone Investigations.Current edition approved May 1,2014.Published July 2014.Originally approvedin 1998.Last previous edition approved in 2005 as D628298(2005),which waswithdrawn in January 2014 and reinstated in May 2014.DOI:10.1520/D6282-14.2The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end ofthis standard.Cop