1、Designation:D561704(Reapproved 2015)Standard Test Method forMulti-Axial Tension Test for Geosynthetics1This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5617;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year oforiginal adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revisio
2、n.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript epsilon()indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the out-of-plane response of geosynthetics to a force that is appliedperpendicular to the in
3、itial plane of the sample.1.2 When the geosynthetic deforms to a prescribed geomet-ric shape(arc of a sphere or ellipsoid)formulations areprovided to convert the test data to biaxial tensile stress-strainvalues.These formulations cannot be used for other geometricshapes.With other geometric shapes,c
4、omparative data ondeformation versus pressure is obtained.1.3 This test method is more commonly used to testgeomembranes.Permeable materials may also be tested inconjunction with an impermeable material.1.4 This test method requires a large diameter pressurevessel(600 mm).Information obtained from t
5、his test methodmay be more appropriate for design purposes than many smallscale index tests such as Test Method D6693 or Test MethodD7003/D7003M.1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded asstandard.No other units of measurement are included in thisstandard.1.6 This standard does not purpo
6、rt to address all of thesafety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is theresponsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.2.Referenced Documents2.1 ASTM Standards:2D4439 Te
7、rminology for GeosyntheticsD6693 Test Method for Determining Tensile Properties ofNonreinforced Polyethylene and Nonreinforced FlexiblePolypropylene GeomembranesD7003/D7003M Test Method for Strip Tensile Properties ofReinforced Geomembranes3.Terminology3.1 Definitions:3.1.1 geosynthetic,nplanar prod
8、uct manufactured frompolymeric material used with soil,rock,earth,or other geo-technical engineering related material as an integral part of aman-made project,structure,or system.3.1.2 multi-axial tension,nstress in more than one direc-tion.3.1.3 For definitions of other terms used in this test meth
9、od,refer to Terminology D4439.4.Summary of Test Method4.1 A pre-cut geosynthetic sample is secured at the edges ofa large diameter(600 mm)pressure vessel.Pressure is appliedto the sample to cause out-of-plane deformation and failure.This deformation with pressure information can then beanalyzed to e
10、valuate various materials.5.Significance and Use5.1 Installed geosynthetics are subjected to forces frommore than one direction including forces perpendicular to thesurfaces of the geosynthetic.Out of plane deformation of ageosynthetic may be useful in evaluating materials for capswhere subsidence o
11、f the subsoil may be problematic.5.2 Failure mechanisms on this test may be different com-pared to other relatively small scale index tests and may bebeneficial for design purposes.5.3 In applications where local subsidence is expected,thistest can be considered a performance test.NOTE1Although,this
12、 test specifies a vessel size of 600 mm,largerdiameter vessels will better approximate field performance.However,theuser is cautioned that different size vessels may yield different results andhence may not be comparable.5.4 For applications where geosynthetics cannot be de-formed in the fashion thi
13、s test method prescribes,this testmethod should be considered an index test.5.5 Due to the time involved to perform this test method,itis not considered practical as a quality control test.1This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 onGeosynthetics and is the direct responsibil
14、ity of Subcommittee D35.10 on Geomem-branes.Current edition approved May 1,2015.Published June 2015.Originallyapproved in 1994.Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D561704(2010).DOI:10.1520/D5617-04R15.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,www.astm.org,orcontact ASTM Customer Se
15、rvice at serviceastm.org.For Annual Book of ASTMStandards volume information,refer to the standards Document Summary page onthe ASTM website.Copyright ASTM International,100 Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959.United States1 6.Apparatus6.1 Fig.1 shows an example of the test
16、 apparatus that can beused in the performance of this test method.The apparatusrequires a pressure vessel rated to a minimum of 690 kPa.Thevessel diameter should be 600 mm.3Other size vessels may beused but it is up to the user to establish correlation to thestandard size vessel.6.2 If the vessel has a deflection chamber it should notinhibit the geosynthetic from freely deflecting during the test.The deflection chamber shall be vented.6.2.1 Some materials will expand laterally beyond thediameter